Biol Pharm Bull 2000;23:599-601. Forsythia. If Forsythia Suspensa is a shrub. Once roots have developed PMC Find a long branch on the existing shrub, bend it so that a node touches the ground, and gently scrape away the bark above and below the node. Soothe inflammation in the body, thus reducing the risk of chronic diseases. Forsythia suspensa (Lian Qiao) 270mg. How Rodenticides Work. Using the full names of LH capsules Lianhuaqingwen, Lianhua Qingwen andSARS-COV-2, COVID-19 as the keywords of the search terms, systemically search for existing related papers in various databases such as Web of Science and PubMed. Fortunately, . Compound. planting hole: two times the root ball width and depth. Photo by Ralph Anderson./em. Upright growing and dramatically hued, it's a mix of dark burgundy, bruised . English ivy, Hedera helix, is a favorite of traditionalists. They don't mind a bit of sun but prefer partial shade. Buy forsythia seeds or harvest them from the brown pods that develop after the bush flowers. Better detoxifying effect of ripe forsythiae fructus over green forsythiae fructus and the potential mechanisms involving bile acids metabolism and gut microbiota. We only recommend products proven to be effective for the purpose stated. LH capsules are approved TCM patent medicine that are widely used for the treatment of respiratory tract infectious diseases caused by colds and flu. Forsythia bushes needs at least six hours of light daily (on averagea few days here or there with less won't be a huge issue). However, it is not listed on any state or national invasive species lists. Amur Honeysuckle. Forsythias prefer loose, well-draining soilhowever, these tough plants show tolerance for clay soil, too. Forsythia fructus inhibits the mast-cell-mediated allergic inflammatory reactions. Prune immediately after blooming in spring. Consult neighbors and even the local botanical garden to identify yellow flowering shrubs common in your area. Keep in mind that natural products are not always necessarily safe and dosages can be important. Description. Firefly Nightglow Bush Honeysuckle (Diervilla splendens 'El Madrigal') features dark reddish-purple foliage and yellow blooms! planting distance for a solitary brush: 80 to 100 cm. Biol Pharm Bull 2000;23:365-7. When seeds germinate, remove the plastic, and keep soil moist, but never soggy. We hope to conduct a comprehensive review of it through modern pharmacy methods, and try to explain its possible mechanism. Propagating forsythia plants is the best way to multiply your supply, short of heading to a nursery to get more mature plants. Scented like honeysuckle, too! Any plant that blooms and survives for more than two years is a perennial. heirloom shrub, vine or houseplant they wish to propagate to have more plants for It is important to make sure at least one . Honeysuckle is a great source of Quercetin, an acid that thwarts free radicals internally, vitamin C, calcium, potassium, and magnesium. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Before plant. Julie Thompson-Adolf is a Master Gardener and author. (1) This paper deal with the harm done to Honeysuckle by the oriental carpenter moth. J. Med. Cuttings should be taken after flowering is completing and when the shrub has leaves. to know whether a plant is patented or not to avoid illegal propagation. Arnold Dwarf Forsythia. Beyond this "renewal" pruning, you can also selectively cut newer branches to improve upon the overall shape of your forsythia. Add to Cart. How to care for honeysuckle. How to Prune Forsythia. Therefore, the relevant mechanisms need to be further improved and experimentally verified. Jeong YH, Hwang YH, Kim TI, Oh YC, Ma JY. View abstract. An official website of the United States government. 1987;7:99107. This tube is generally longer, relative to the size of the petals, than that of forsythia. Never delay or disregard seeking professional medical advice from your doctor or other qualified health care provider because of something you have read on WebMD. Front Pharmacol. Some shrubs such as forsythia and Scotch broom produce flowers in clusters or spears. Forsythia and spice bush bloom in early spring, before other shrubs show any new growth. Hard pruning cuts the shrub right down to its base and allows it to regrow into a new shrub. Trees are an exception, because they're planted far enough back that their expansive spread complements the forsythia's shape. Rhododendron and honeysuckle are known for fragrant blooms. Disruption of CCR5 signaling to treat COVID-19-associated cytokine storm: Case series of four critically ill patients treated with leronlimab. This will ensure you get to enjoy the benefits of the incredible Honeysuckle and provide a feeding station for honeybees and nectar seeking birds (without it taking over). These low-maintenance, fast-growing shrubs feature an upright, arching form and are known for their long branches that fill with brilliantyellow blooms early in the spring. Chem. Older honeysuckle plants require lots of digging and the job is quite the back breaker. "Gold Leaf" (Forsythia x intermedia "Gold Leaf"), hardy in USDA zones 5 through 9, also features deep yellow flowers, which are enhanced by the bright yellow-green leaves. Meta Gene. Consider the size of the shrub. Bookshelf It only grows 4 to 5 feet, so it's perfect to plant in front of the forsythia. Forsythia is used for swelling of small air passages in the lung (bronchiolitis), tonsillitis, sore throat, fever, vomiting, heart disease, HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, pain and swelling (inflammation), and a severe skin rash with fever and vomiting caused by a bacterium (erysipelas). that many newer cultivars may be under patent protection and Patent Laws may apply. the equivalent of crude herbs in the amount of 2500mg. Pruning: Cut back flowered growth to strong young shoots lower down. Forsythia might decrease inflammation. Forsythia ( Forsythia spp .) Phytother Res. bark around the entire circumference of that area of stem (it needs to be at least and transmitted securely. Gold angel's trumpets are fragrant at night. Forsythia is a shrub that produces fruits called Lian Qiao, which is used as a medicinal herb in traditional Chinese medicine. Plant each cutting into a container that's been filled with a moistened mixture of peat moss, perlite, and sand. MIR2911 + group took HD (10.5 pmol MIR2911/oral 100 mL, twice daily/30 g dry honeysuckle/per patient, 600 ml water boiled with 30 g dry honeysuckle for 80 min until obtaining 200 ml HD). Forsythia bushes grow best with at least six hours of direct sun on most days. Aqueous extract of Forsythia viridissima fruits: acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies. 1.5 ounces mango butter (or shea butter) 3.5 ounces sunflower oil. eCollection 2022. Usually found in ferns and monocots. Thanks for stopping by and please check back often! Scotch broom, forsythia, Spice bush, honeysuckle and rhododendron grow 6-to-8 feet tall. Shao J, Fan R, Hu J, Zhang T, Lee C, Huang X, Wang F, Liang H, Jin Y, Jiang Y, Gu Y, Huang G. Vaccines (Basel). and Oregon grape holly. Instead of cutting them at the ground, leave about 1 ft (0.30 m) of the stem. Structure of the active substance of LH capsules (shown in Table2). Invasive Plant Fact Sheets. Do so by cutting away a third of older canes to make way for newer ones. Tip 3. 2016;11(12):e0167687. Ozaki Y, Rui J, Tang YT. Both problems are best treated by removing affected stems. They are often used in groupings or as screen plants in the landscape. Information from this source is evidence-based and objective, and without commercial influence. Schematic diagram of the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 3CL. However, more information is needed to determine how forsythia might work. Pruning of forsythia bushes is best done just after they have finished blooming in the spring, because the following spring's flowers will bloom on wood produced the previous year. Euonymus is one of the few evergreen vines that do well in Colorado. The buds and initial flowers of honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica Thunb.) Often used to sweeten tea or to spread on . (4) This ancient woodland was a tangle of honeysuckle and hawthorn; its most charismatic resident a huge pear tree. Each year cut out up to 20 percent of ageing stems to near the base. Backed by our 30-Day Happy & Healthy Guarantee! The flowers are dark yellow-gold, with four petals each. It is Snowberry. Mist the cuttings daily until the roots are about 1 inch in length, which will take at least a month. The time taken to become SARS-CoV-2 PCR-negative (TTN) significantly favored patients treated with HD-MIR2911 (median 4.0 vs 12.0 days, HR 0.11, 95% CI 0.025-0.46, P=0.0028), indicating that . 2022 Feb;31:100990. doi: 10.1016/j.mgene.2021.100990. Everyone loves this golden harbinger of spring when it's in bloom, for about 15 minutes in early spring. Freshly cut wood, called green wood, is loaded with sap (mostly . -, Ali A., Vijayan R. Dynamics of the ACE2-SARS-CoV-2/SARS-CoV spike protein interface reveal unique mechanisms. Plants to try:blackberries, raspberries, dewberries, loganberries, and other members of the genusRubusL. Similar to tip layering, except a 6- to 12-inch section with the shoot tip is left Many people prefer this wild look, and annual pruning is by no means mandatory. Forsythias are fairly tolerant of poor garden soil, and they have some drought tolerance once established. all the exciting and often disease-resistant new plant varieties we see at garden He currently owns and operates a vending business. It is a great money saving hobby, and great for The ovaries, which develop into seed capsules in forsythia or fruits in winter jasmine have two lobes. works well on blackberries. Cutting too many stems off of the plant can cause it to die. The fact sheet explains why soils become acidic and the problems created by acid soils for crop production. But there is no good scientific research to support any . Newly created plants can be patented like other new inventions and technology, and Forsythia shrubs can be prone to knobby galls forming along the stems, as well as fungal twig blights. Consider the size of the shrub. Honeysuckle vines are prone to powdery mildews and molds. First, Confederate jasmine blooms later, usually in May for us. Short horizontal shoot at the base of the main stem that forms an independent crown. Stay Protected with Plant Sentry. ties or rubber bands. Soft-hearted shrubby cinquefoil. Spice bush produces crimson berries, while St. John's Wort produces small fruit capsules that persist through winter. Ornamental onion is hardy in USDA zones 5 to 8. Her work has been published in the "New York Times," "Christian Science Monitor," "Horticulture Magazine" and other national and regional publications. National Library of Medicine See this image and copyright information in PMC. In both cases, old branches should be thinned out as well. Accessibility Beware of the 'rain shadow' that can occur at the base of walls and fences, where rain doesn't penetrate the soil. Early research suggests a combination of honeysuckle, Baikal skullcap, and forsythia given by IV (intravenously) by a healthcare provider might shorten the length of symptoms of bronchiolitis in children with respiratory syncytial virus infection. By Lonicera japonicay (Jin Yin Hua) 360mg. View abstract. View abstract. The best way to correct a severely overgrown honeysuckle is to cut the plant back to about a foot (31 cm.) Witch hazel blooms in mid-to-late winter. This oil can be made ahead to have on hand for lotions, creams, soaps, and lotion bars. You should always speak with your doctor or health care professional before you start, stop, or change any prescribed part of your health care plan or treatment and to determine what course of therapy is right for you. Easy to grow. It gives your yard a completely different look with its bright purple flowers arranged in a spherical shape. special tools or controlled environmental conditions, like a mist bench, to facilitate Take these steps: Forsythia can grow in pots, and in fact, doing so can contain its aggressive spread. 1997;79:14941500. Next, crawl under the forsythia and clip the honeysuckle vine where it emerges from the ground. In natural forest areas, foresters have to battle continuously to eradicate this pest plant, which is very hard to control. Bush honeysuckle seedlings emerge in the spring; the cotyledons are ovate to oblong and have an indentation at the apex. Hard-to-root plants propagated using layering techniques generally form roots A shrub of the Olive family, with yellow blossoms. If you can, trim back nearby trees that may be blocked the light to allow more sun to reach your bush. 2020;201 The flowers are smaller than those of forsythia, and the petal edges are more rounded. Trees That Bloom in the Winter With Camellia-Like Pink & White Flowers. After the bush has bloomed, forsythia has simple green foliage in the summer. (n.) One of several species of flowering plants, much admired for their beauty, and some for their fragrance. If you have a few pesky bushes that just aren't blooming, take some time to observe how much light your plant gets. cane, dracaena, Norfolk Island pine, rubber plant, schefflera, azalea, magnolia, roses, 2007;43(7):215-21. Having unsanitary neighbors can be a nuisance, especially if their house is infested with roaches. (1) Arenarioside and forsythoside B act in Forsythia species as good hybridization markers. Collect fresh forsythia flowers and spread them in a single layer on clean dish towels or paper towels. 2022 Oct 7;13:988524. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2022.988524. Honeysuckle Iris Ivy Jonquil Juniper Lamb's Tail Mexican Snowball Mother-in-law Plant Narcissus Nephthytis Oak Trees Oxalis Painted Lady Pansy Peace Lily Peach . Lophatherum gracile (Dan Zhu Ye) 270mg. The plants' stems and branches are usually hollow, which is a characteristic that can help distinguish bush honeysuckle from the native, non-invasive . Arch Dis Child 1993;68:468-71. However, you will have to repot the plant every two or three years as it will grow larger. Add to Cart. 2021 Jan 11;22(1):42. doi: 10.1186/s13063-020-04998-5. 2020 Jul;10(7):1163-1174. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.06.002. They starve other plants of their much needed nutrients, sunlight, and water. Wang T, Li XJ, Qin LH, Liang X, Xue HH, Guo J, Li SF, Zhang LW. The site is secure. Seriously. Mulch in spring to help reduce water stress and risk of powdery mildew. It is used as groundcover and for contrast in rock gardens. to be separated and transplanted a month or two later. (8) Chromoplasts having a globular inner structure in the petals of Forsythia suspensa can form starch grains in their stroma when incubated with glucose solution. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! In this video I show you how to cut down and kill honeysuckle bushes for good.Link for saw I use in the video: https://amzn.to/2N59t6D Forsythia: Botanical Name: Forsythia Type: Deciduous Shrub Espoma Recommends: Plant-tone Fothergilla ( Bottlebrush Shrub ): Botanical Name: Fothergilla Type: Deciduous Shrub Espoma Recommends: Plant-tone Franklinia: Botanical Name: Franklinia Type: Tree Espoma Recommends: Tree-tone False Spirea The growing point of a plant at the soil surface where. Sung YY, Yoon T, Jang S, Kim HK. planting at home or distributing among friends and family. The seeds should only be sown just below the surface of the soil, no more than a thin 1/8 of an inch. Tohda C, Kakihara Y, Komatsu K, Kuraishi Y. Inhibitory effects of methanol extracts of herbal medicines on substance P-induced itch-scratch response. Antiinflammatory effect of Forsythia suspensa V(AHL) and its active principle. Tannic acid is an inhibitor of CXCL12 (SDF-1alpha)/CXCR4 with antiangiogenic activity. Iwakami S, Wu JB, Ebizuka Y, Sankawa U. Platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonists contained in medicinal plants: lignans and sesquiterpenes. Inspect the shrub's leaves for interesting details. They are best planted in late fall or early spring while the plants are still dormant, but gardeners in frost-free climates can plant them in winter, as well. Continue with Recommended Cookies. However, TCM exerts its effects through multiple targets and multiple pathways, and LH capsules are not an exception. It is important through modified stem structures (Table 1). Plant forsythia every 4 to 6 feet apart from each other to give them room to expand. Your chickens will happily clean up the mess and it won't hurt them at all. Enter two words to compare and contrast their definitions, origins, and synonyms to better understand how those words are related. Glycine max (Dan Dou Chi) 270mg. If left unchecked, other trees and native plants will die. The species listed are managed by DCNR staff. Forsythia Soap - Cold Process Recipe. Missouri Botanical Garden: Plant Finder -- Jasminum Nudiflorum, Missouri Botanical Garden: Plant Finder -- Forsythia "Happy Centennial", Missouri Botanical Garden: Plant Finder -- Forsythia x Intermedia "Gold Leaf", 17 gardening gifts for the plant-lovers in your life, The Botanical Garden, V I, Trees and Shrubs; Roger Phillips and Martyn Rix. if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'whatkillsit_com-large-mobile-banner-1','ezslot_8',112,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-whatkillsit_com-large-mobile-banner-1-0');If you need to kill honeysuckle, Crossbow is rated effective. Other beloved flowering shrubs similar to forsythia include Japanese andromeda and flowering quince. Located in Pittsburgh, Chris Miksen has been writing instructional articles on a wide range of topics for online publications since 2007. 4.17 ounces of lye (6% superfat) 10 ounces of water (I used 10 oz of strained forsythia tea) They're happiest when the temperature is between 55 and 70 degrees Fahrenheit, but they're fairly hardy in colder temperatures as well (however, many varieties do not respond well when winter temperatures fall below minus 5 degrees Fahrenheit). Chinese herbalists use it to detoxify the body . The honeysuckle covers some of the branches so heavily that the forsythia bloom display in spring is less than it should be. Q: I have some Japanese honeysuckle growing among a large stand of forsythia. Another bulb to consider is ornamental onion (Allium giganteum). Forsythia is a shrub. Skin inflammation. If you return items, the site may lose earnings. Then, if so desired, The stigma, or pollen receptacle (female) also has two lobes. Consider the time of year the shrub blooms. The easiest types of layering are tip layering and simple Facts. Unfortunately, they are not native and are an invasive species that spreads rapidly over the ground and up other trees and plants. Methods: Make that a green blob constantly in need of a haircut, because forsythia tends to look unruly if it doesn't get a . mix heavy soils with sand or grit. (6) The effects of 5 crude drugs (Myricae Cortex, Polygoni Avicularis Herba, Hyperici Erecti Herba, Forsythiae Fructus, Desmodii Herba) on subacute and chronic hepatic injuries induced by carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) were investigated in rats. If youd like to show your support, a buck is more than enough! Certain plants do better with certain layering techniques. 2017;122:132-137. View abstract. all sides, then it is time to plant the cutting. Forsythia. Bury the stem cut-side down, with at least. Vahl with antiviral effect on RSV. techniques allow desired shrubs, vines and indoor plants to be propagated using less She has 30+ years of experience with year-round organic gardening; seed starting and saving; growing heirloom plants, perennials, and annuals; and sustainable and urban farming. In addition, they can be used for erosion control on slopes and in foundation plantings. If it's too dry, they might not flower and if it's too moist, they might wilt. (3) They pointed out bigger objects: a Play School flower clock; a receiver from Honeysuckle Creek tracking station (remember the film The Dish ? - for example, common honeysuckle blooms on side shoots from the previous season, so if you prune it in the spring, you would eliminate your flowers. Plan the perfect garden with our interactive tool , Wild Honeysuckle 1 image by DelB from , Garden Pilot Navigator: Growing Yellow Flowering Shrubs. In recent years, the problem of pesticide residues in honeysuckle has attracted much attention. The best plants for this treatment are vine-type and trailing ground Provenance of LH capsule prescriptions derived from the Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous. Layering can be started in the spring or early summer, and daughter plants are ready Place trays or pots in bright, indirect light. Dwarf flowering almond is hardy in USDA hardiness zones 4 to 9, while common boxwood is hardy in zones 5 to 8. (12) They are Datura metal L., Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Carthamus tinctorius L., Forsythia suspensa Thumb., Rehmannia glutinosa f. Hueichingensis (fermented), Paeonia suffruticosa Andr., Platycodon grandiflorum Jacq. Prieto JM, Recio MC, Giner RM, et al. View abstract. How Can I Tell if I Have a Cornus Florida or a Cornus Kousa Tree? The pinks stay long enough to add a lot of color to your yard, and the green foliage does a nice job of taking the place of the flowers. The .gov means its official. Blooms are followed by berries. Careers. Plant bushes in the fall when they are dormant and make sure they are placed in full sun. Use a pair of loppers or a fine-tooth handsaw to cut your large stems. 100% HERBAL CONTENTS. Ozaki Y, Rui J, Tang Y, Satake M. Antiinflammatory effect of Forsythia suspensa Vahl and its active fraction. Secure the bent branch with a rock so it touches the soil, and wait. Twig blights can be prevented by keeping the plant well pruned to improve air circulation, and by applying a fungicide. Forsythias prefer slightly humid climates. Almost anyone can do these and be successful with the right plants. The biggest burden when growing forsythia is to keep these fast-growing shrubs pruned to maintain the desired shape and size. rooting. Kim MS, Na HJ, Han SW, et al. Forsythia set bloom on old wood, so any pruning should be done before that happens. How to Grow and Care for Korean Spice Viburnum, 31 Best-Deer Resistant Flowers and Plants to Grow, 15 Best Evergreen and Flowering Shrubs for Hedges, 10 Best Deer-Resistant Shrubs for Landscaping. In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2 caused a series of acute atypical respiratory diseases worldwide. For tip, simple, mound, and compound layering, part of the stem is buried David Beaulieu is a landscaping expert and plant photographer, with 20 years of experience. Clinical Progression and Outcome of Hospitalized Patients Infected with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant in Shanghai, China. Pharmacokinetic interaction of Forsythia suspensa extract and azithromycin injection after single and co-intravenous administration in rats. Honeysuckle, potentilla and Scotch broom flower all summer long. Our team of writers lives on cheap coffee and draft beer! Its flower buds are able to withstand colder winter temperatures than many other forsythia varieties. Auxin can be applied for faster rooting if available. Examine the flowers of the shrub. Shao SY, Feng ZM, Yang YN, Jiang JS, Zhang PC. Structures used in natural layering (Hartman et al., 2002). The dwarf flowering almond (Prunus glandulosa) provides great contrasting green foliage and pink or white flowers against the forsythia's yellow flowers. New Quinoid Glycosides from Forsythia suspensa. Itching. pii: E1177. The Honeysuckle plant can be a real showstopper in the the right garden. and just the shoot tip, or a section just beneath the shoot tip, is buried in a hole, View abstract. Binding patterns of ligands, including 3 (A), 6 (B), 8 (C), 10 (D),, Schematic diagram of the interactions between SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro and compounds 7 (A),. the cut area is wrapped with moist peat moss and plastic wrap, and secured by twist Border forsythia ( Forsythia x intermedia ), or golden bell, ushers in spring with its vivid golden yellow flowers and is one of the most recognized shrubs in the South. American Horticultural Society Encyclopedia of Plants and Flowers; Christopher Brickell, Editor-in-Chief. View abstract. Upper Saddle River, N.J. Forsythia flowers grow in the axils (angles between the leaf stalk and the stem) of the prior year's leaves. We and our partners use cookies to Store and/or access information on a device. After roots have penetrated the peat moss and are visible from C-M / Wikimedia Commons /GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2. Moreover, the present review provides the first summary of the potential molecular mechanism of specific substances in LH capsules involved in resistance to SARS-COV-2 infection and the inhibition of cytokine storm syndrome (CSS) caused by IL-6. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. 3C-like protease (3CLpro); 3CLpro, 3C-like protease; ACE2, Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; AECOPD, Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; AIDS, Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AQP3, Aquaporins 3; ARDS, Acute respiratory distress syndrome; CAT, COPD assessment test; CC50, 50% Cytotoxic concentration; CCL-2/MCP-1, CC motif ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; CFDA, China Food and Drug Administration; COPD, Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COVID-19; COVID-19, Coronavirus disease 2019; CPE, Cytopathic effect; CSS, Cytokine storm syndrome; CT, Computed tomography; CXCL-10/IP-10, C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 10/ Interferon Gamma-induced Protein 10; Cytokine storm syndrome (CSS); DMSO, Dimethyl sulfoxide; E protein, Envelope protein; ERK, Extracellular signal-regulated kinase; FBS, Fatal bovine serum; Forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen,LH) capsules; Grb2, Growth factor receptor-bound protein 2; HIV, Human immunodeficiency virus; HPLC, High-performance liquid chromatography; HSV-1, Herpes simplex virus type 1; HVJ, Hemagglutinating virus of Japan; Hep-2, Human epithelial type 2; Huh-7, Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma-7; IAV, Influenza A virus; IBV, Influenza B virus; IC50, 50% Inhibition concentration; IFN-1, Interferon-1; IL-6, Interleukin-6; IL-6R, IL-6 Receptor; IL-8, Interleukin-8; IP-10, Interferon-inducible protein-10; JAK/STAT, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription; JAK1/2, Janus kinase1/2; LD50, 50% Lethal dose; LH capsules, Forsythia honeysuckle (Lianhuaqingwen) capsules; M protein, Membrane protein; MAPK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase; MCP-1, Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MDCK, Madin-darby canine kidney; MEK, Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase; MERS, Middle east respiratory syndrome; MIP-1, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1; MLD50, 50% Minimum lethal dose; MOF, Multifunctional organ damage; MOI, Multiplicity of infection; MTT, Methyl Thiazolyl Tetrazolium; NF-kB, Nuclear transcription factor kappa-B; NHC, National Health Commission; ORFs, Open reading frames; PBS, Phosphate buffered saline; PHN, Phillyrin; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinases; PKA/p-CREB, Protein kinase A /phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein; PKB, Akt, Protein kinase B; PLpro, Papain-like proteases; PRC, People's Republic of China; QC, Quality control; RANTES, Regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted; RSV, Respiratory syncytial virus; RT-PCR, Reverse transcription PCR; Ras, Ras GTPase; SARS-CoV-2; TCID50, 50% Tissue culture infective dose; TD0, Non-toxic Dose; TD50, Half-toxic dose; Vero E6, African Green Monkey Kidney Epithelial-6; gp-130, Glycoprotein 130; mIL-6R, Membrane-bound form IL-6 Receptor; mTOR, Mammalian target of rapamycin; nsps, Non-structural proteins; qPCR, Quantitative PCR.