Douglass unveils the atrocious truth about slavery that was hidden for so many years. Douglass also describes the way it corroded his soul to not know his birth date, to be told he couldn't learn to read after the wife of his Baltimore owner started to teach him, and to realize that slavery was a condition he would never grow out of. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? [54] Douglass, To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. In his efforts to cultivate a respect for and proper understanding of the natural right of property, Douglass was laboring for a cause he considered vital both to Americas moral and political culture and to the liberation and elevation of black Americans in particular. Douglass's really has two central claims in theNarrative. Curiosity may have killed the cat, but it will help you be a good interviewer. No class of men can, without insulting their own nature, be content without it. In the opinion shared by Taney, Marshall, and many present-day professors, teachers, and students, the stain of racial exclusion suffuses both the Constitution and the Declaration of Independence. In his 1894 Blessings of Liberty and Education speech, presented a few months before his death, Douglass ventured on the subject a last word that he feared would be more useful than palatable: Since emancipation we hear much said of our modern colored leaders in commendation of race pride, race love, race effort, race superiority, race men and the like. Various options can be effective: 1. I explain Douglasss argument more elaborately in Frederick Douglass, pp. He was appealing to the public to honor those victims claim for a slight measure of compensation in a fashion carefully tailored to their needs and to the deepest of the wrongs that they had suffered. It was just what I wanted, and. Typifying a view of the Founding now common among scholars of race are remarks by Justice Thurgood Marshall, the first AfricanAmerican Supreme Court Justice and a hero of the legal struggle that paved the way for the Civil Rights Era. What is the "mournful wail" that gives Douglass the topic for his speech? Even Christianity was corrupted by slavery, he points out. IV, pp. What have you learned about the struggle for freedom from reading this speech? Already a member? Douglasss great cause was integration, and his great theme was hopefulnessrationally grounded hopefulnessin Americas capacity to secure justice for all, irrespective of race, color, sex, or creed. He says of Sophia Auld, "Slavery proved as injurious to her as it did to me" (page 28). What evidence does he use to support his claim?" The three other claims are up for debate and need to be supported by a lot more reasoning and evidence in order to persuade an audience to believe the argument. [7] I develop this argument at length in Frederick Douglass: Race and the Rebirth of American Liberalism (Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 2008). Douglass, was an African American writer, abolitionist, and so much more, but before any of this, he was a slave. [8] The reader interested in a fuller account of Douglasss life should begin by reading Douglasss autobiographies: Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass (1845); My Bondage and My Freedom (1855); and Life and Times of Frederick Douglass (1881; expanded 1892). He then begins to think getting his education could be his way to liberty and freedom and though he endeavors to learn much as he can, he starts to doubt whether he is correct or not. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you It was specifically on grounds of reparative justice that he urged support of one particular federal public-education proposal, a bill put forward by Senator Henry Blair of New Hampshire. Concluding his July Fourth oration in 1852, he reassured his audience, I do not despair of this country. She is certified to teach 6-12 grade ELA. While conceding that these critics have a point, Peter C. Myers faults them for embracing a radical critique of America that rejects Americas founding principles as racist, abandons the goal of integration, and fosters alienation. Common Core ELA Grade 8 - Writing: Standards, Writing Arguments: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.W.8.1, How to Support Your Claims in Writing With Reasoning and Evidence, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses. [56] To the Editor of the National Republican, in Life and Writings, Vol. [8] The boy who became Frederick Douglass was born, enslaved, on Marylands Eastern Shore in February 1818 and given the improbably dignified name Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey. Latest answer posted August 20, 2009 at 11:51:14 PM. Douglass publicly announced his change of opinion in the spring of 1851, but his most powerful statement of his revised view appears, fittingly enough, in his speech at an Independence Day celebration in 1852. Some of the above points adapted from theHarvard Writing Center. Evidence should be from a source that's reliable, and it makes your argument even better if you have evidence from multiple sources. How many masters did Frederick Douglass have? With our Essay Lab, you can create a customized outline within seconds to get started on your essay right away. Suppose that you are trying to get information from people who equivocate. After giving your reason, if your mom is anything like mine, she'll probably say, 'So?' [60] Douglass, This Decision Has Humbled the Nation, in Douglass Papers, Vol. Some of his works are obvious and others are a bit harder to see. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Such attention is properly directed toward, but also beyond, the icons of the recent era of reform. The Belgian horse team, plus the faithful dog, _____ a fine addition to the parade. V, pp. They that can, may; I cannot. In that position, Douglasss fame grew rapidly, and with it came controversy and heightened personal danger. Let us consider first the difficulties. The grave danger was that reunion and peace would be purchased at the cost of obscuring the moral principles that remained in contest. To find an adequate measure of compensation for any wrong, Douglass explained, we must first ascertain the nature and extent of the wrong itself. The extent of the wrongs of slavery over hundreds of years simply beggared any possible response. A counterclaim is the argument (or one of the arguments) opposing your thesis statement. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Latest answer posted March 08, 2021 at 10:42:24 AM. This is her first step from being a kind-hearted woman with generous tendencies to harnessing her natural instincts and instead becoming cruel. Slaverys primary victims, mostly knowing nothing of the Declaration itself, would corroborate its truth by their various acts of resistance, displaying their natural love of liberty and their moral humanity as rights-possessors. The existence of capital punishment deters violent crimes, Bringing up counterclaims provides the author with a sense of, Bringing up counterclaims allows the author to provide a, This above quote is an example of strong evidence because it directly relates to the claim and reasoning, providing factual evidence of the actual cost of capital punishment versus life in prison. IV, p. 319. This is called the counterclaim. [6] James Madison, Speech of June 6, 1787, in Records of the Federal Convention of 1787, Vol. He condemned not only Americas Government, but also its Constitution for supporting and perpetuating this monstrous system of injustice and blood.[11]. II, p. 235; Address on the Twentieth Anniversary of Emancipation, April 16, 1883, in Douglass Papers, Vol. He never had a pair of shoes, no matter how cold it got ,and had only a single thin shift to wear, summer and winter. If the claim is that the United States should ban capital punishment, an effective counterclaim would be that the United States should not ban capital punishment because capital punishment provides a sense of closure for the families of the victims of violent crimes. The labor and stripes that accompanied slaveryeven its lasting material deprivationsdid not reach the depth of its harmful effects in Douglasss estimation. 280 (1981), established criteria that supervisors must consider in determining an appropriate penalty to impose for an act of employee misconduct. The first of his positive reversals occurred as he was sent to serve as a house slave in Baltimore, where, aided by his kindly slavemistress Sophia Auld, he learned the rudiments of literacy. In our example, you would need to give or cite some concrete evidence like, 'According to research, students with Internet access on their phones are more likely to make the Honor Roll.' Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. His final break with Garrison came in 1851, when he announced that he had come to reject the core Garrisonian doctrine that the U.S. Constitution was a pro-slavery instrument. Douglass refutes Fitzhughs pro-slavery argument of the average slave living an ideal life, by disproving early ideas of the free labor system and paternalism through real life encounters of the physical oppression slaves faced on the day to day basis in the forms of inhumane treatment and violence, as well as the true harsh, The brutality that slaves endured form their masters and from the institution of slavery caused slaves to be denied their god given rights. The reasoning is the logic used to prove a claim. -he's hopeful that they hear what he's saying & things change over time, Write a summary of this excerpt from "What to the Slave Is the Fourth of July?" Is there a solution for how to address or resolve the issue going forward? It is very difficult to see how the forward- and upward-looking labor required to achieve the ends of justice for all and black elevation in America is to be sustained amid a spreading sentiment of alienation from America. [44] Douglass, We Are Not Yet Quite Free, August 3, 1869, in Douglass Papers, Vol. In a formal paper, you might say something like, 'It is necessary for me to obtain a new cell phone.' In paragraph 5, what does douglass acknowledge as a counterclaim to his position? In the Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, Douglass is thrown into a new world of knowledge and opportunity, once he learns how to read and write. Counterclaim and Refutation Sentence Frames. IV, p. 459. Counterclaim - a claim for relief made in opposition to, or to offset another person's claim. Although writers use plenty of other options, Im teaching the counterclaim and refutation in the final body paragraph. how does douglass refute this counterclaim? Frederick Douglass In an essay or speech that presents an argument, the author often addresses counterclaims, or arguments made by opponents. How would you expect obdurate people to respond to advertisements? Accept the criticism of the counterclaim. Working with the above claim and reasoning (the United States should ban capital punishment because capital punishment costs taxpayers more than life in prison), below is an example of strong evidence and weak evidence to support the claim and reason. Cliquestrickland and jones funeral home obituaries. In each piece of literature both authors also unknowingly touch on topics of early American history such as free labor ideology and paternalism therefore deepening our knowledge of popular understandings during this time period. Douglass provides. The authorsTEACHING ESSAYS BUNDLEincludes the threeprintable and digitalresources students need to mastertheCCSS W.1 argumentative and W.2 informational/explanatory essays. Objecting to the efforts of some white benevolent societies, he urged his black compatriots indignantly to reject any condition of dependence: A new condition has brought new duties. In like manner, the election of Barack Obama as President might be viewed as the culminating, climactic event of the Civil Rights Era, signifying the advent of a post-racial America and vindicating once and for all the mainstream, integrationist tradition in AfricanAmerican political thought lately exemplified by King. Without it, black Americans would remain all too often outside the protection of law, dependent for their rights on white officeholders who lacked any electoral incentive to represent them. 3 - Reasons. After the hook, there is a transition statement (or statements) that connects the hook to the author's thesis. Explain, -no, he/she first denied it, then comes out telling the truth, Write a definition of obstruction based on your understanding of the prefix ob-. But it was upon becoming the editor of his own paper that his mind truly quickened. A few of which include inequality, education, and Christianity as the keys to freedom in terms of its true values within the institution of slavery. He talks of the ways in which black men and women struggle to hold their families together, and the importance of music as a way to express deep sadness. Douglass's sometimes stern emphasis on the virtues of self-reliance and self-elevation does not mean that he had grown insensitive to the magnitude of the difficulties yet to be overcome; nor . international legion of territorial defense of ukraine pay. Douglasss mind was opened to the wisdom of Lincolns statesmanship as he came to see the depth of Lincolns commitment to the anti-slavery cause. Following this lesson, you should be able to: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Slavery can be viewed as one of the greatest examples of immoral treatment towards African Americans in the United States alone. Once again, that hopefulness was grounded primarily in his appreciation of the unique virtue of Americas beginning; first things are always interesting, he liked to say,[10] and most of all in the case of a new nation dedicated to universal principles of justice. Step-by-step explanation: Answer options: a. dependence on a neighbor for water trade access; II, p. 360. Supporters of the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 believed that. to this land, when it strips five millions of its people of all motives for cultivating an upright character.[36]. From that moment on, Frederick Bailey was resolved to escape slaveryor die trying. His argument is reinforced though a variety of anecdotes, many of which detailed strikingly bloody, horrific scenes and inhumane cruelty on the part of the slaveholders. -reinforces the idea of the great principles of political freedom and natural justice, Identify two biblical allusions Douglass makes, and then explain how each contributes to Douglass's overall argument, -He wants to use any means to convince people to end slavery. Doubts arose as to whether so skilled an orator could ever have been a slave, and Douglass responded by writing his first autobiography. It is appealing to think that Kings dream has been realized, at least in its essentials, by the reforms of the Civil Rights Erareforms that King himself characterized as the third, the greatest, and the culminating American Revolution. How did Frederick Douglass learn to read? Frederick Douglass went on to write books and give speeches in hope that one day all slaves would be free. [3] William Jefferson Clinton, Memphis Church of God in Christ Convention Speech, November 13, 1993, at http://www.americanrhetoric.com/speeches/wjclintonmemphis.htm (November 8, 2010). 4. In developing his own proposal, Douglass did not identify the precise grounds of his disagreement with Stevens. It means light and liberty. For Douglass as for Abraham Lincoln, America was, after all, the last, best hope of Earth.[62]. eNotes Editorial, 21 Jan. 2020, https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-is-frederick-douglass-s-overall-claim-in-the-152137. The claim is the author's argument that they are attempting to prove in the essay. She has something to say against your claim that you need a new cell phone, and it goes something like, 'No, you don't.'. A claim of value makes a judgement on something's worth, morality, or merit. The principles of natural human rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence, Douglass was convinced, represent a permanent, universal truth as well as the most practically powerful moral and political theory ever conceived. 9, Sala 89, Brusque, SC, 88355-20. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. V, p. 625. But this is the opinion of the Founding and, more generally, of the nations basic moral architecture that critics have propounded widely in todays schools and universities. What country have I? he asked, a member of a race placed outside the protections of law, and answered, I have no patriotism. In what turned out to be Douglasss most prescient argument, slaverys demise would come about in the following sequence of events. Such practices implicated southern white landowners in a conspiracy to refrain from selling land to black would-be buyers and to compensate black laborers only by means that prevented them from accumulating any savings. There is a power in numbers, wealth and intelligence, which can never be despised nor defied. [50] Self-reliant virtue was indispensable to the cause of national integration, just as it was an essential condition of the securing of rights. In this reassuring view, the era of momentous reforms that Kings speech and actions did much to elicit vindicates the character of America, displaying the nations renewed determination to make good on its original commitment to securing the equal natural rights of all its members. Her husband tells her that instructing her slave in literacy will spoil him as a slave, and she stops teaching young Frederick. Through the use of first person encounters, Frederick Douglass in his narrative A Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass argues that the key to freedom is claimed through education. I will focus my attention on how education allowed Douglass to understand how slavery was wrong, and how the Americans saw the blacks as not equal, and only suitable for slave work. -his language is different, it proves hes educated, (b) How effective would it be for a modern audience? At the same time, Douglass' exploration of Christianity, and its hypocrisy when used to justify slavery, and the idea that the promise of freedom cannot be realized when a group of people are enslaved, helps to bolster the claims that slavery is America's "original sin.". [50] My Bondage and My Freedom, in Autobiographies, p. 286; Douglass to Stowe, March 8, 1853, in Life and Writings, Vol. This proclamation changed everything, Douglass later recalled. Use the present tense of the verb. They were statesmen, patriots and heroes. In his discerning view, however, the main source of their greatnessthe virtue that enabled them to be more than revolutionaries, the Founders of a great republicinhered not in their bravery but in their dedication to the eternal principles, the saving principles, set forth in the unique revolutionary document they dared to sign. This commitment not only appears in the Preamble, but also reflects a bedrock rule of legal interpretationa rule as old as law itself, Douglass observed, and grounded in the very nature of law, according to which a legal instrument must be construed strictly in favor of liberty and justice.[17], In Douglasss argument, these interpretive principles yielded powerfully anti-slavery results. In paragraph 5, (b) How does he refute that counterclaim? Space permits here only a brief sketch of Douglasss singularly remarkable life story, which sheds much light on the formation of his political philosophy. He writes: "Slavery soon proved its ability to divest her of these heavenly qualities. In this respect, what is notable in Douglasss advocacy of education reforms is that whereas he justified them primarily as the payment of a debt due specifically to those formerly enslaved and their relationsspecifically to black Americanshe proposed the payment of that debt by a policy framed in nonracial terms, designed to benefit Americans irrespective of race.