richest native american tribes in california

PAN-INDIAN GROUPS, LANDLESS INDIANS AND RANCHERIAS. At the time of Spanish contact, the native people of California living in modern-day San Diego County were Luiseno, Cahuilla, Cupeno, Kumeyaay, and Northern Diegueo. Here Yurok, Karok, Hupa and other tribes fought the increasingly paranoid and aggressive Americans who routinely murdered them, stole their children and burned their villages. Nevertheless, considerable tribal resistance and pan-tribal organizing developed in opposition to allotment. tribes lived in semi-permanent villages and were estimated to consist of approximately 20,000 members in the 16th century. Ten Largest American Indian Tribes, 2010 Income. Native American, also called American Indian, Amerindian, Amerind, Indian, aboriginal American, or First Nation person, member of any of the aboriginal peoples of the Western Hemisphere, although the term often connotes only those groups whose original territories were in present-day Canada and the United States. The California superintendency attracted a succession of special investigators caused by constant reports of corruption that reached Washington. Karuk Tribe [previously listed as Karuk Tribe of California] Despite the devastating population decline suffered by tribes in whose territories missions had been established, many managed to maintain tribal cohesion. Koi Nation of Northern California. They own the Mystic Lake Casino Hotel, the . Interior Mexican ranches were increasingly abandoned in the face of economic ruin by native stock raiding activities. A series of murderous epidemic diseases swept over the terrified mission Indian populations. Is the richest Native American in the world a Mr. Ken Hill, a tobacco magnate from the Six Nations Reservation in Ontario Canada. Some of Wisconsin's tribes pay out $500 to $2,000. Shingle Springs Band of Miwok Indians of California, Shingle Springs Rancheria (Verona Tract), California They further made elaborate promises to upgrade squalid housing, pave roads, build bridges, construct water projects and even provide college scholarships in return for a vote to terminate. Despite these crippling drawbacks, the treaty process proceeded until January 5th of 1852. Dry Creek Rancheria Band of Pomo Indians, California [previously listed as Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California] Tolowa Dee-ni Nation [previously listed as the Smith River Rancheria, California] The uneven and unequal distribution of allotments was used by Indian agents to keep tribal populations divided and politically impotent. They are all located in Northern California. The law was repealed in 1934. Enterprise Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California Box 369, Pauma Valley CA 92061.Phone Number: (760) 742-1289Fax Number: (760) 742-3422, Pechanga Band of Luiseno Mission Indians of the Pechanga ReservationP.O. - Get $3,750 Crypto Casino Welcome Bonus and $750 Crypto Sports Bonus at BOVADA. In Governor McDougall first address to the legislature he promised, a war of extermination will continue to be waged between the races until the Indian race becomes extinct. Despite guarantees in the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, Indians were denied state citizenship, voting rights and more important still, the right to testify in court. Enter tribal distributions from Form 1099-MISC, Box 3 on Line 21, Form 1040 Schedule 1. With a few notable exceptions, the mass murder of the Gold Rush era diminished, as Indian victims became scarce and survivors learned to avoid Americans whenever possible. This region included the Modoc, Achumawi, and Atsugewi tribes. , two-thirds of which lived in coastal and island villages. Fort Mojave Indian Tribe* 6. The indigenous peoples of California are the indigenous inhabitants who have previously lived or currently live within the current boundaries of California before and after the arrival of Europeans. In the Colorado River area, the Yuma, Mohave, and Halchidoma speaking tribes practiced subsistence agriculture, harvesting maize, pumpkins, and beans. , the vast central area was home to the Bear River, Mattale, Lassick, Nogatl, Wintun, Yana, Yahi, Maidu, Wintun, and several others. They are operated under the terms of gaming compacts negotiated between each tribe and the state. There are hundreds of jurisdictions in the world with Internet access and hundreds of different games and gambling opportunities available on the Internet. Learn more! than any other countyeven though theyre relatively small and encompass around 124,000 acres. Yokut, Gabrielino and Kitanemuk tribesmen were gathered together on this barren 50,000-acre parcel call San Sebastian. Box 908, Alpine CA 91901.Phone Number: (619) 445-3810Fax Number: (619) 659-2315, Wilton Rancheria9728 Kent St, Elk Grove, CA 95624Phone Number: (916) 683-6000, Yocha DeHe Wintun NationP.O. The last great mission Indian revolt occurred in 1824 when disenchanted Chumash Indians violently overthrew mission control at Santa Barbara, Santa Ynez and La Purisima. Yurok Tribe of the Yurok Reservation, California, Berry Creek Rancheria of Maidu Indians of California Every Indian who survived to see the dawn of the 20th century had witnessed great suffering and the irreplaceable loss of numerous grandparents, mothers, fathers and children. Tragically the surviving Modocs were exiled to either Oregon or Oklahoma. (800) 258-2946. Based on the 2015-2019 ACS for American Indian and Alaska Native population, the median income of American Indian and Alaska Native households was $43,825 - slightly higher than the median income of African American households, which was $41,935. Cloverdale Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Payments of little more than $600 per person was distributed in 1968. While there were plenty of differences between the coastal and inland tribes, they all enjoyed hunting deer, pronghorn, elk, rabbits, fowl, and fish, and often lived in wooden houses covered with soil. Wiyot Tribe, California (previously listed as the Table Bluff ReservationWiyot Tribe) California's regulations, like New York's, do not dictate the kind, quantity, and prices of tobacco products sold to Native tribes. The measures would give the voters of California the opportunity to vote on the pending compacts that would allow the Sycuan . Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian Community . Hopi Tribe 10. Their purpose was to extinguish Indian land titles and provide the Indians with territories that would be protected from encroachment by non-Indians. South of the Tehachapi Mountains California Indians remained totally ignored by Washington. The vast plantation like missions claimed about 1/6 of the present territory of the state. Paskenta Band of Nomlaki Indians of California The implications for survivors is largely a mute tale of suffering and grieving over the loss of a stunning number of children, parents and elders. Box 1016, Happy Camp CA 96039Phone Number: (530) 493-5305Fax Number: (530) 493-5322, Koi Nation of Northern CaliforniaPO Box 3162, Santa Rosa, CA 95402Phone Number: (707) 575-5586Fax Number: (707) 575-5506, La Jolla Band of Luiseno Indians22000 Highway 76, 92061 Pauma Valley, CAPhone Number: (760) 742-3771Fax Number: (760) 742-1704, Lytton Rancheria of California437 Aviation Blvd., Santa Rosa CA 95403.Phone Number: (707) 575-5917Fax Number: (707) 575-6974, Manchester Band of Pomo Indians of the Manchester-Point Arena RancheriaP.O. This vast territory includes: Bear River, Mattale, Lassick, Nogatl, Wintun, Yana, Yahi, Maidu, Wintun, Sinkyone, Wailaki, Kato, Yuki, Pomo, Lake Miwok, Wappo, Coast Miwok, Interior Miwok, Wappo, Coast Miwok, Interior Miwok, Monache, Yokuts, Costanoan, Esselen, Salinan and Tubatulabal tribes. The movement promised the return of dead relatives and the disappearance of the oppressors. Tillamook - The southernmost Salish tribe on the coast of modern-day Oregon. The second-largest urban region in the United Statethe Greater Los Angeles Areais home to 14. . Supplication to supernatural spirits. Redwood Forest in California Is Returned to Native Tribes. They used redwood trees to build both their boats and homes thanks to its availability in Northern California. There were around 20,000 members of this. Washoe Tribe of CA and NV. Explore this great range of interesting things to do on a rainy day in San Francisco and have fun in the Golden Gate City. A staggering loss of two thirds of the population. Butte. Barona Band of Mission Indians In part triggered by the introduction of Christian missionary activities, this new religious movement was pan-tribal in nature and obviously a response to the massive population decline. 500 Nations is an independent directory and information service free of any gaming operator's control and not affiliated with any casino. These folks were determined to destroy Indian culture and aboriginal belief systems that undergirded it. Here, the chiefdoms of the southern region were quite large with complex and layered social structures, compared to other areas. Each day the population increased and the Indians feared the invaders and great consternation prevailed . 19, (PDF), Friday, January 28, 2022. This gut wrenching 50% decline had occurred in just 77 years. The American Indians of the Northwest Coast traditionally lived on a narrow belt of Pacific coastland and offshore islands. Answer (1 of 3): Oklahoma is home to many different tribes, each with its own unique culture, traditions, and history. Mexican forced labor and violence at the hands of the militia and paramilitary slave hunting parties account for a significant amount of the population decline suffered by California Indians. To the northeast, the Modoc, Achumawi, and Atsugewi tribes hunted and gathered acorns, salmon, grass seeds, tuber berries, rabbit, and deer for food. We know, and our friends and counter parts in local and national governmental agencies must understand that only through the exercise of our tribal sovereignty can we successfully take our rightful place in our prosperous and free nation. Frequently, federal and Indian agents themselves indentured his wards for personal enrichment. Some surviving Northeast tribesmen received public land allotments around the turn of the century. The elaborate ritual life of these tribes featured a World Renewal ceremony held each Fall in the largest villages. Native Americans dance during the grand entry of the 30th annual Morongo Thunder & Lightning Pow Wow at the Morongo Band of Mission Indians reservation in Cabazon on Sept. 25, 2021. Text is available under the Creative . The western portion of this territory was rich in acorn and Salmon. The Spanish entrada into Alta California was the last great expansions of Spains vastly over extended empire in North America. One of the laws sanctioned an indenture system similar to Mexican peonage in widespread practice throughout California prior to 1850. Cachil DeHe Band of Wintun Indians of the Colusa Indian Community of the Colusa Rancheria, California This legislation allowed the Indians to sue the federal government and use the state Attorney generals office to represent them. bake ya is their name for themselves which translates to People Who Belong on the Land. They used redwood trees to build both their boats and homes thanks to its availability in Northern California. The amazing adaptive capabilities of California Indians has demonstrated the resiliency and genius of these much misunderstood and hardworking tribes can achieve under the most unfavorable of circumstances. The Serrano Indians inhabited the San Bernardino Mountains and lived as far east as the Mojave River area and Tejon Creek. After deduction of attorneys fees ($12,609,000) and the addition of interest and about half a million left over from the first settlement the payment worked out to an offer of 47 cents per acre! The . 5485 Casino Way, El Cajon, California 92019-1810 (800) 279-2826. Does your business rank among the best in California? Although the tribes werent organized as a single society, they lived in politically autonomous small communities and were connected by trade and kinship networks. Eventually the military governor refused to endorse Sutters self-serving actions. The Kumeyaay of San Diego launched two serious military assaults against the missionaries and their military escorts within five weeks of their arrival in 1769. Other tribes are currently pursuing legal avenues to reverse their termination status. Despite differences, between tribes, these rituals share similar purposes. Big Lagoon Rancheria, California Though they arent federally recognized, the state of California acknowledges them. Susanville Indian Rancheria, California There are over 140,000 Native Americans and Alaska Natives in Los Angeles County alonemore than any other county in the entire nation. A new outbreak of small pox devastated Coast Miwok, Pomo, Wappo, and Wintun tribes. It has been identified as measles and attacked Indian populations from San Francisco to the central coast settlement of Santa Barbara. Soboba Band of Luiseno Indians, California Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians. From the seafaring Chumash and the agricultural Yuma to the nomadic Modoc, there were over 500 Native American tribes in California, each with their own ways of life. So what were the vast majority of Indians doing during this period? A new generation of young, energetic and highly educated California Indians emerged during this period. The BIA organized a series of meetings to convince the litigants to accept the settlement. After all, each tribes creation story emphasized the sacred nature of its own particular landscape. Kaibab Band of Paiute Indians 12. Table Mountain Rancheria [previously listed as Table Mountain Rancheria of California] Desperate to stop an ugly pattern of sexual assaults, the Kumeyaay utterly destroyed Mission San Diego and killed the local padre in 1775. The Cherokee tribe is the second most common, with 285,476 Americans identifying with that group. Helen Thomas, Professional Learning Specialist. On June 18, 2019, Governor Gavin Newsom issued Executive Order N-15-19 . Evidence shows that the earliest human occupation in the state dates back 19 thousand years. The program was inaugurated in California in 1893. California Indian Library Collections Project, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_indigenous_peoples_in_California&oldid=1139902310, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 17 February 2023, at 12:56. In this region basketry reached the height of greatest variety. California Native American Heritage Commission 1550 Harbor Blvd, Suite 100 West Sacramento, CA 95691 (916) 373-3710 Fax: (916) 373-5471 [email protected] This figure represents a gut wrenching descent from over 300,000 into a vortex of massive death in just 131 years of colonization! Redding Rancheria, California Baskets in a variety of designs were manufactured in with the twined technique only. Koi Nation of Northern California [previously listed as Lower Lake Rancheria, California] Ione Band of Miwok Indians of California. You understand that your consent is not a condition of purchase, and that you can opt-out at any time. Iipay Nation of Santa Ysabel, California [previously listed as Santa Ysabel Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Santa Ysabel Reservation] Feral hogs ate tons of raw acorns, depriving even the non-missionized tribes in the interior of a significant amount of aboriginal protein. The practical result was the complete dispossession of the Indians in the eyes of the government. Manzanita Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of the Manzanita Reservation, California Median annual household income for Indian Americans in 2010 was $88,000, much higher than for all Asian Americans ($66,000) and all U.S. households ($49,800) perhaps not surprising, given their high education levels. The Shakopee Mdewakanton are the wealthiest Native American tribe, going by the individual personal wealth. The Mexican Republics 1824 constitution declared Indians to be citizens with rights to both vote and hold public office. Many ceremonies could no longer be held because access to sacred places was now denied. The Navajo Nation is the largest American Indian reservation in the United States, spanning roughly 16 million acres, or about 25,000 square milesapproximately the size of the state of West Virginia. The mob justified its actions by claiming the Indians might steal food from the squatters. The New York Times reports that the payments . A steady population decline accompanied by widespread reports of destitution and hunger haunted those tribes without reserved lands. North Fork Rancheria of Mono Indians of California Native American tribes upkeep and celebrate their traditions with pride. Between 1933 and 1941 Congress authorized the enlargement of several Southern California reservations by 6492 acres. Jenn Ackerman for The New York Times. More important still, they found great value in tribal traditions. developed woodworking, canoe-building, and house-building skills due to the abundance of coastal resources in the northwestern area. Many Mission Indians viewed the padres as powerful witches who could only be neutralized by assassination. Policy makers in the government declared the only path of salvation for surviving Indians would be Christianization, along with the adaptation of private ownership of property. Though they arent federally recognized, the state of California acknowledges them. Vast differences exist between the coastal peoples, nearby mountain range territories, from those living in the vast central valleys and on the slopes of the Sierra Nevada. Sycuan Casino Resort is located 30 minutes east of downtown San Diego in El Cajon, California. The program ground to a halt in 1930 due to Indian opposition and failure of BIA to complete the necessary paperwork. Box 337, Auberry CA 93602.Phone Number: (559) 855-4003Fax Number: (559) 855-4129, Big Valley Band of Pomo Indians2726 Mission Rancheria Road, Lakeport CA 95453.Phone Number: (707) 263-3924Fax Number: (707) 263-3977, Bishop Paiute Tribe50 Tu Su Lane, Bishop CA 93514.Phone Number: (760) 873-3584Fax Number: (760) 873-4143, Blue Lake RancheriaP.O. Box 516, Upper Lake CA 95485.Phone Number: (707) 275-0737Fax Number: (707) 275-0757, Hoopa Valley TribeP.O. They say you have to work hard and chase your dreams, but if you belong to the wealthiest Native American tribe in the world, you can sleep through life and . Government records for this period show that fewer than 3000 of the less than 70,000 surviving California Indians received recognition let alone provisions for reservations. This and other traditional rituals continue to be practiced, despite the grinding poverty that plagues many of these groups. Box 39, Redwood Valley CA 95470.Phone Number: (707) 485-8723Fax Number: (707) 485-1247, Dry Creek Rancheria of Pomo Indians3750 Westwind Blvd Suite 200A, Santa Rosa CA 95403.Phone Number: (707) 522-4220Fax Number: (707) 522-4288, Elk Valley Rancheria2332 Howland Hill Road, Crescent City CA 95531.Phone Number: (707) 465-2600Fax Number: (707) 465-2638, Estom Yumeka Maidu of the Enterprise Rancheria2133 Monte Vista Ave. Oroville, California 95966Phone: (530) 532-9214 Fax: (530) 532-1768, Federated Indians of Graton Rancheria6400 Redwood Dr., Rohnert Park CA 94928Phone Number: (707) 566-2288. consisted of three distinct groups which predate. In return, the signatory tribes promised to forever quitclaim to the United States their lands. The entire Los Angeles basin, certain parts of Orange County, and multiple offshore islandsincluding Catalinawere inhabited by the Gabrielino speakers. The notorious Indian Island massacre in Humboldt Bay was the bitter fruit of that race hatred. Here food resources were grass seeds, tuber berries along with rabbit and deer. Despite this liberal declaration, Indians throughout the republic continued to be treated as slaves. The Confederated Tribes of Siletz is a federally recognized confederation of 27 bands, originating from Northern California to Southern Washington. Sadly, the missionary practice of forcibly separating Indian children from their parents and incarcerating children from the age of six in filthy and disease-ridden gender barracks most likely increased the suffering and death of above mentioned epidemics. Also true was the fact that no tribes desired to be relocated outside of their aboriginal territories. The Arikara tribe is part of the North American Plains Indians group, which also includes the Cheyenne, Apache, Mandan, Osage Nation and Pawnee tribesthe latter of which the Arikara people broke away from centuries ago. Morongo Band of Mission Indians, California [previously listed as Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Morongo Reservation] Southern California presents a varied and somewhat unique region of the state. Box 391760, Anza CA 92539.Phone Number: (951) 763-5549Fax Number: (951) 763-2808, Campo Band of Diegueno Mission of the Campo Indian Reservation 36190 Church Rd.,Suite 1, Campo CA 91906.Phone Number: (619) 478-9046Fax Number: (619) 478-5818, Chemehuevi Indian Tribe of the Chemehuevi ReservationP.O. Capitan Grande Band of Diegueno Mission Indians of California (Barona Group of Capitan Grande Band of Mission Indians of the Barona Reservation, California) Here are the three richest Native American tribes that have capitalised on their casinos and jumped aboard the gravy train: 1. created floor mats and structure coverings out of common tule, a plant native to the regions freshwater marshes. Despite the obvious fact that not all California Indian tribes had been consulted or contacted they too would be bound by the negotiations. In recognition of the growing sophistication of California Indians, the state legislature created the, Native American Heritage Commission in 1978. They are amongst the longest inhabiting people in North America, spanning over 14,000 years. Most tribes did their best to withdraw from all contact with the mayhem overwhelming them. Jack Norton, a Hupa historian characterized the situation as a deranged frontier. Sherwood Valley Rancheria of Pomo Indians of California Furthermore, their tribal lands had become transformed by the introduction of vast herds of horses, cattle, sheep, goats and hogs that destroyed the native flora, the primary source of native diet. Gila River Indian Community 8. But the missionaries kept coming up with excuses why they should not surrender the rich pastoral and agrarian empire they had erected with the lands, resources and hard labor of mission Indians. Sporadic attacks upon both Americans and some Mexicans by Garras followers resulted in a massive crackdown on Indian communities. They maintained their independence and continue to live in their native homeland. This relationship, as it pertains to land use and ownership, was clarified in the 1830s. The Klamath River supports some of the best salmon fishing in California. Tule River Indian Tribe of the Tule River Reservation, California establishmentVentureno, Gabrielio, and Fernandeno. Box 18, Brooks CA 95606.Phone Number: (530) 796-3400Fax Number: (530) 796-2143, Yurok Tribe of the Yurok ReservationP.O. Despite bitter opposition by many of the original claimants, the federal government prepared a census of eligible Indians in preparation for an anticipated judgment. Beginning with the early efforts of the Indian Board of Cooperation, numerous California Indians self-help organizations and tribes pushed for a lawsuit over the failure of the United States to compensate the Indians of California for the loss of their aboriginal lands. The Tribe is steward to more than 31,500 acres of ancestral land. Generally speaking technologies and materials used to manufacture tools, homes and storage containers show great similarity. Image: Vital Vegas. and Privacy Policy and consent to receive emails from California.com about news, events, offers, and partner promotions. Mechoopda Indian Tribe of Chico Rancheria, California Demographer S.F, Cook determined the California Indian population declined to fewer than 16,000 individuals in 1900. This federal body allowed Indian groups to press for compensation to tribes over the theft of their lands in the 19th century. Read on below to see how we crunched the numbers and how your town ranked. Elem Indian Colony of Pomo Indians of the Sulphur Bank Rancheria, California Check your inbox soon for the latest from California.com. California Valley Miwok Tribe, California The purchase of public domain lands in California in 1850 was never less than $1.50 per acre. In this tragedy, more than 20,000 Central Valley Miwok, Yokuts, Wintun, and Maidu Indians perished. The tribal communities often held traditional ceremonies and participated in those of their more fortunate reservation Indians. United Auburn Indian Community of the Auburn Rancheria of California Alta California the poorly managed and badly neglected stepchild of Mexico was rapidly overwhelmed by a combination of aggressive Indian raids and the arrival of United States Army, Navy and Marine forces in the summer of 1846. Indian children. Roundhouse (front view) - August 1947 Today's Me-Wuk Culture. The Tribe joined the approximately 60 other California gaming tribes with the opening of Black Oak Casino on May 15, 2001. as gold excitement advanced, we were moved again and again, each time in haste. With monotonous regularity, missionaries and other colonial officials reported upon the massive death and poor health of their Indian laborers. It was assumed that the Indians would evolve into hardworking, tax paying citizens of Mexico. After an-other long battle, little more than 5 million dollars were finally distributed on a per-capita basis to 36,095 California Indians in 1951. By 1930 approximately 2,300 allotments had been carved out of the tiny communal tribal reservation lands. Fort Independence Indian Community of Paiute Indians of the Being driven to the edge of extinction, Indians demonstrated again and again a strong will to survive. 5401 Dinah Shore Dr., Palm Springs CA 92264. Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians5401 Dinah Shore Dr., Palm Springs CA 92264.Phone Number: (760) 699-6800Fax Number: (760) 699-6919, Agua Caliente Casino Palm Springs140 North Indian Canyon DrivePalm Springs, California 92262(800) 258-2946(760) 323-5865, Agua Caliente Casino Rancho Mirage32-250 Bob Hope DriveRancho Mirage, California 92270(760) 321-2000888-999-1995, Agua Caliente Casino Cathedral City68960 E Palm Canyon DrCathedral City, CA 92234888-999-1995, Alturas Indian Rancheria, CaliforniaPO Box 340, Alturas CA 96101.Phone Number: (530) 878-2202Fax Number: (530) 878-2232, Augustine Band of Cahuilla Mission IndiansP.O. Few private investors have come forward to work with Indian tribes outside of the gaming industry. Yet, if a non-Native contractor works on . The richest In. They could carry hundreds of pounds of trade goods and up to a dozen passengers. The Indigenous peoples of California spoke a minimum of a hundred different languages, had their own specific food cultures, and distinct religious beliefs. Originally an island tribe from Clear Lake, their name translates to "People of Water". Driven twice from that reserve, a third attempt to deport the Modocs back to Klamath resulted in a stunning war in 1872. By August of 1951, twenty-three separate petitions had been filed by attorneys on behalf of tribes in California. Big Pine Paiute Tribe of the Owens Valley [previously listed as Big Pine Band of Owens Valley Paiute Shoshone Indians of the Big Pine Reservation, California]Big Sandy Rancheria of Western Mono Indians of California [previously listed as Big Sandy Rancheria of Mono Indians of California] Mounted on horses and using modern weapons, they began raiding mission livestock and fighting colonial military forces. California Native American Heritage Commission 1550 Harbor Blvd, Suite 100 West Sacramento, CA 95691 (916) 373-3710 Fax: (916) 373-5471 [email protected] Despite lasting only a few years, it was fundamental in revitalizing intra-tribal religious integration. These Californian tribes frequently traveled in search of foodspecifically for acorns, small animals, and sea creatures. Box 1027, Klamath CA 95548.Phone Number: (707) 482-1350Fax Number: (707) 482-1377s, CASINO LIVE DEALER POKER SPORTSBOOK RACEBOOK. Northern California's majestic redwood trees were used to make everything from homes to boats, making them a vital component of native life. By submitting your email address you agree to our Terms of Use

richest native american tribes in california 2023