Almost all of these foreign students and trainees will return to their home country after three to four years (one valid period); few students extend their visa. This helps reduce labour shortage in certain sectors of the economy. And BBC Trending recently reported on a row over a cartoon drawing of a migrant girl which some deemed racist. [73], In 2021, there were 2,887,116 foreign residents in Japan, representing 2.3% of the Japanese population. Shinto and Buddhism are Japan's two major religions. The courts upheld fingerprinting, but the law was changed so that fingerprinting was done once rather than with each renewal of the registration,[10] which until a law reform in 1989 was usually required every six months for anybody from the age of 16. He was also a weapon bearer, and probably served in some kind of bodyguard capacity., Lockley also explained that in Yasukes time, the idea of a samurai was a very fluid concept. The total population decreased for the eleventh year in a row. Culturally, the whims of the individual are nearly always trumped by the needs of the nation, and collectively, these needs are frequently informed by traditions that span generations. "Sumisu" for "Smith") are also legally acceptable. At one point the bartender told me he had a surprise, just for me. [12][13] Over the period of 2010 to 2015, the population shrank by almost a million. As a priest he wasnt allowed to have any soldiers or guards, Lockley said of the Jesuit missionary. However, assuming Black foreign residents mainly come from Africa, which consists of 0.52%, and North America (mostly from the U.S.), which consists of 3% (including all races), of the foreign resident population (Ministry of Justice, 2010). Japan is a staunchly collectivist nation. Though frequently frustrating, even sometimes disheartening, DeVon still maintains that he prefers his life in Japan to what he experiences in the United States, that at least, anecdotally, he just hasnt experienced the type of racism he finds elsewhere. And in 2019, before Chadwick Bosemans death, it was announced that the actor would play Yasuke in a film based on the warriors story. Nobunaga then threw a party to welcome the man into his court. [24], Japan is an urban society with about only 5% of the labor force working in agriculture. Their individual understanding of what it means to live in Japan as a Black person is bound to differ. Unfortunately, television here shows white people as saviors, says DeVon, so I assume that people watch these shows, they think of whiteness as more acceptable among foreigners. Cunningham, an English teacher from Jamaica, said he has heard Japanese people bad-mouth other nationalities but that he hasn't witnessed any specific incidents, and compared attitudes to other instances of international tensions. Its reporting on the U.S. characterized Black-Japanese relations as being racially aligned, suggesting Japanese have a parallel set of experiences with Western racism; reporting also described the U.S. failing miserably in its treatment of African Americans. B.R. Japan's first known Chinese visitor was Hui Shen, who was a Buddhist missionary who visited Japan in 499 AD, as described later in the book Liang Shu a little more than a century later. New parking sticker? However, as the years have progressed since the last recordings of the population, Japans population has decreased, raising concern about the future of Japan. In addition to the Japanese language, Rykyan languages are spoken in Okinawa and parts of Kagoshima in the Ryky Islands. Im happy here. Nevertheless, major cities, especially Tokyo, Yokohama and Fukuoka, and to a lesser extent Kyoto, Osaka and Nagoya, remain attractive to young people seeking education and jobs. The population aged 15 to 64 was 74,504 thousand (59.4 percent of the total population). Right in front of us. is "Portal Site of Official Statistics of Japan" (external site) where you can browse statistics tables and database. (0.9%), Fukuoka As of 2013[update] more than 20 percent of the population of Japan were aged 65 and over. By the late 1980s, these problems, particularly the bullying of returnee children in schools, had become a major public issue both in Japan and in Japanese communities abroad.[10]. He is one of the nations most outspoken figures against this behavior, though he admits in his writing that the understanding of Blackness in Japan can frequently be informed by a uniquely myopic fear. But there are also scenes inspired by events recorded about the African samurais life. [71] Southeast Asia too, also has significant populations of people with half-Japanese ancestry, particularly in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. It just is the way it is. In fact, the music was great. New phone number? Transliterations of non-Japanese names using katakana (e.g. Past and current discrimination has resulted in lower educational attainment and socioeconomic status among hisabetsu buraku than among the majority of Japanese. The Korean figures do not include zainichi Koreans with tokubetsu eijusha ("special permanent resident") visas, of whom there were 354,503 (of a total of 358,409 of all nationalities with such visas). History [ edit] In the mid-16th century, Africans arrived in Japan alongside Europeans as crew members and slaves. It was measured at 9 million people in 2010 and is now 33.8 million people in 2020, a 276% increase. The migration change of the Japanese population was negative for the first time in three years, and that of the foreign population was negative for the first time in nine years. [1] In the old "Technical Trainee programme" a foreign employee was tied to their employer. You dont have to possess any particular killing skills to be a samurai, the author said. These prefectures account for 37.4 percent of the total population. A stealth immigration campaign to make up for Japan's shrinking population has seen the numbers of foreigners living there grow from some 2m a decade ago to nearly 3m today. June 1965) between South Korea and Japan. [82], All non-Japanese without special residential status (people whose residential roots go back to before WWII) are required by law to register with the government and carry alien registration cards. The rate of decrease was 0.51 percent. We recall this together, laughing. He found favor with Oda Nobunaga, the daimy and warlord, and ultimately became his retainer.[2]. [68] They are primarily distinguished from their use of several distinct Ryukyuan languages though use of Ryukyuan is dying out. Population Estimates by Sex and Age Group (01.VII.2020): The proportion of foreign nationals is most likely higher due to those that did not declare a nationality. More than 50% of the population lives on 2% of the land. David, a musician, cites job opportunities: "Being a minority in Japan, I'm special. But when we come and live here, even when its because they need us to when it comes to making us feel accepted and comfortable just by the basic standards of their own people, its not even open for discussion. After the feudal lord applauds him for winning a fight on the streets, he asks for Yasuke to be cleaned, thinking that his skin is covered in dirt. [10], In the 1980s, government policy provided support for new urban development away from the large cities, particularly Tokyo, and assisted regional cities to attract young people to live and work there. That's one quote that sums up a viral video of black people talking frankly about their life in a country that is stereotypically depicted as being frosty to outsiders. Black people in Japan (, Kokujinkei nihonjin /Nipponjin) are Japanese residents or citizens of sub-Saharan African ancestry. In a city that both depends on and so widely celebrates technology, it can seem strange that so many applications for jobs or services, financial documents, and petitions to the government require paperwork that must be filled out by hand. 7 All direct quotations from Asahi stories were originally in Japanese and translated by the authors. 21.7%. That amounts to. The analysis presented in this report and the accompanying fact sheet about the Black population of the United States combines the latest data available from multiple data sources. About 50% of these moves were within the same prefecture; the others were relocations from one prefecture to another. Many farmers supplement their income with part-time jobs in nearby towns and cities. Kicking off with this historical setting, the show then dives into a reimagined, fantastical story about the legendary Black samurai. [14], Japan collects census information every five years, with censuses conducted by the Statistics Bureau of the Ministry of Internal Affairs. [50], Japanese people enjoy a high standard of living, and nearly 90% of the population consider themselves part of the middle class. Checks on family background designed to ferret out buraku were commonly performed as part of marriage arrangements and employment applications,[10] but have been illegal since 1985 in Osaka. Subscribe for exclusive city guides, travel videos, trip giveaways and more! The Meiji government abolished most derogatory names applied to these discriminated communities in 1871, but the new laws had little effect on the social discrimination faced by the former outcasts and their descendants. There was an increase of 110,358 foreign residents from 2014 to 2015. While a response to major labor shortages, increased diversity required Japan to rethink its relationship with racial others, among whom Blacks have long been unique in Japanese history. [16], Japan's population density was 336 people per square kilometer as of 2014 (874 people per square mile) according to World Development Indicators. While McNeil has spent the last 15 years living in Tokyo, DeVon is just finishing his first. [70] Most intermarriages in Japan are between Japanese men and women from other Asian countries, including China, the Philippines and South Korea. All Rights Reserved. Asia & Oceania 17502000. READ MORE. Akita-ken had the highest rate of decrease in population. DeVon describes one of his largest challenges upon moving to Tokyo as one that hadnt occurred to him before he arrived: finding a barber. That meant she was about to represent the country for the Miss Universe beauty contest. By closing this message, you are consenting to our use of cookies. ", "Countries Compared by Lifestyle > Financial satisfaction. Why Alex Murdaugh was spared the death penalty, Why Trudeau is facing calls for a public inquiry, The shocking legacy of the Dutch 'Hunger Winter'. (0.2%), and Chiba The idea of Japanese racism holds little credence in reporting, but when evident a remedy was quickly and responsively provided. Source: Statistics Canada. In the mid-16th century, Africans arrived in Japan alongside Europeans as crew members and slaves. These are Okinawa [76][77], A number of long-term resident Koreans in Japan today retain familial links with the descendants of Koreans,[78] that either immigrated voluntarily or were forcibly relocated during the Japanese Occupation of the Korea. January 22, 2021 | Yokohama, Japan. He performed seppuku, a form of ritual suicide that involves slicing open the abdomen. They came by way of India, and according to Lockley, Yasuke was in service to Valignano most likely as a bodyguard. (1.0%), Saitama During Japan's economic development in the twentieth century, and especially during the 1950s and 1960s, migration was characterized by urbanization as people from rural areas in increasing numbers moved to the larger metropolitan areas in search of better jobs and education. [Nobunaga] ordered him scrubbed. Time may have given McNeil the insight to interpret the same situations differently. [67], One of the largest minority groups among Japanese citizens is the Ryukyuan people. I was born with black skin, Yasuke responds. [35][36][37], Between 6 million and 7 million people moved their residences each year during the 1980s. Updated: April 30, 2021 1:50 PM EDT | Originally published: April 30, 2021 1:42 PM EDT I n 1579, an African man now known by the name of Yasuke arrived in Japan. Within an hour we had made friends of all the bartenders and most of the other patrons in the bar. Of course Yasukes skin remains intact, he said. I failed to tell him that I, having grown up in Seattle, was much more fond of grunge. https://www.black-face.com/. [4], Since 2010, Japan has experienced net population loss due to falling birth rates and minimal immigration, despite having one of the highest life expectancies in the world, at 85.00 years as of 2016[update] (it stood at 81.25as of 2006). The Japanese society of Yamato people is linguistically homogeneous with small populations of Koreans (0.9million), Chinese/Taiwanese (0.65million), Filipino (306,000 some being Japanese Filipino; children of Japanese and Filipino parentage). Japanese citizenship is conferred jure sanguinis, and monolingual Japanese-speaking minorities often reside in Japan for generations under permanent residency status without acquiring citizenship in their country of birth, although legally they are allowed to do so. Young people continued to move to large cities, however, to attend universities and find work, but some returned to regional cities (a pattern known as U-turn) or to their prefecture of origin (referred to as "J-turn"), or even moved to a rural area for the first time ("I-turn"). [48] As a result, both native and naturalized Japanese citizens are counted in a single group. Japan's population is aging faster than that of any other nation. [75] Most foreign residents in Japan come from Brazil or from other Asian countries, particularly from China, Vietnam, South Korea, the Philippines, and Nepal. [6], Based on 2012 data from the National Institute of Population and Social Security Research, Japan's population will keep declining by about one million people every year in the coming decades, which would leave it with a population of around 70 million by 2060 and 42 million by early 22nd century if the current projections do not change. But for a moment I felt what McNeil and DeVon must spend a lot of time grappling with: that feeling of being othered, of being reduced to, as the Japanese would say, a kokujin just another Black person, devoid of a personal narrative. Hfu (a kana rendition of "half") is a term used for people who are biracial and ethnically half Japanese. Read about our approach to external linking. The top five prefectures in population were Tokyo-to, Kanagawa-ken, Osaka-fu, Aichi-ken and Saitama-ken. Theyve never had foreign people living in their building, and its not illegal, so thats just the way it stays.. [72] In the 21st century, discrimination against hfu occurs based on how different their identity, behavior and appearance is from a typical Japanese person. Urban land prices generally increased 40% from 1980 to 1987; in the six largest cities, the price of land doubled over that period. Nadamoto Masahisa of the Buraku History Institute estimates that as of 1998, between 60 and 80% of burakumin marry a non-burakumin. In 2020, the number of foreigners in Japan was 2,887,116. He is also the inspiration for Netflixs new anime series Yasukea project from creator and director LeSean Thomas and the Japanese animation studio MAPPA, executive produced by LaKeith Stanfield, who voices Yasuke, and Flying Lotus, who produced the soundtrack. Non-ethnic Japanese in the past, and to an extent in the present, also live in small numbers in the Japanese archipelago. We use cookies for analytics tracking and advertising from our partners. They have co-existed for more than a thousand years. Despite being in a smaller minority in Japan than in their home country, they express feelings of safety and freedom. "Biracial Beauty Queen Challenges Japan's Self-Image", "Miss Universe Japan Ariana Miyamoto Criticized for Not Being Japanese Enough", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black_people_in_Japan&oldid=1138856442, "Related ethnic groups" needing confirmation, Articles using infobox ethnic group with image parameters, Articles containing Japanese-language text, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 12 February 2023, at 00:56. During the Sanzan period (1314-1429) in Okinawa, Chinese people were known to have migrated to the country at the invitation of the Ryukuyuan Kings to serve as . Ever since the Meiji period, Japanese has become widely used among the Ainu people and consequently Ainu languages have been classified critically endangered by UNESCO.[54]. My brow uncreased and I could feel the tension I carry with me in the States ease. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for 2021 Topps Now Matty Beniers #409, PSA GEM MINT 10 at the best online prices at eBay! Reforms which took effect in 2015 relax visa requirements for "Highly Skilled Foreign Professionals" and create a new type of residence status with an unlimited period of stay. My wife Haruki is Japanese, and my 4-year-old daughter Kantra is the only Black girl in her preschool class. One of the first scenes in the anime shows the first meeting between Nobunaga and Yasuke. [10], Although no longer in daily use, the Ainu language is preserved in epics, songs, and stories transmitted orally over succeeding generations. Yet, racism in the U.S. still plays a role in their lives. Tokyo-to had the largest population in 2021 (11.2 percent of the total population). More than 200,000 Japanese went abroad in 1990 for extended periods of study, research, or business assignments. (0.6%), Shiga Street fighting in Bakhmut but Russia not in control, Saving Private Ryan actor Tom Sizemore dies at 61, The children left behind in Cuba's mass exodus, Xi Jinping's power grab - and why it matters, Snow, Fire and Lights: Photos of the Week. "Catcalling gets really specific when you're black," said one interviewee. Magazines, Digital I didnt feel like this experience was malicious. But it can be taxing between work and school, DeVon works hard to improve and contribute to the Japanese economy but sometimes feels that sentiment isnt returned in kind. 8182). Sources: Our World In Data and the United Nations. Heres How and Where To Eat Them Without Dying. The revision gives foreign workers more freedom to leave and change their employer.[96]. [citation needed] Japan has indigenous minority groups such as the Ainu and Ryukyuans, who generally speak Japanese. It ranks 35th in a list of countries by population density. The anime series references a range of other moments documented in the life of the Black samurai who lived more than 400 years ago. Nobutada has 200 men, not 30 men, but of course Akechi still has 13,000 so thats again, another foregone conclusion. On the same day of June 21, 1582, Nobutada also performed seppuku. Population growth has stopped . Several of the people featured in the film cited personal safety as a key consideration. The 80-minute documentary Black in Japan, along with a shorter version, have collectively been clicked on about 200,000 times on YouTube. Estimates of their number range from 2 to 4million (about 4% of the national population in 2022). (2.9%), Tokyo The Black or African American resident population totaled 44.83 million people in the same year. Between 1955 and 1989, land prices in the six largest cities increased by 15,000% (+12% per year compound). Computer and Internet Use. Statista assumes no [75] In the following year the government contrived, with the help of the Red Cross, a scheme to "repatriate" Korean residents, who mainly were from the Southern Provinces, to their "home" of North Korea. This includes 325,000 Filipinos, many of whom are married to Japanese nationals and possessing some degree of Japanese ancestry,[45][46] 208,538 Brazilians, the majority possessing some degree of Japanese ancestry,[46] 778,112 Chinese, 448,053 Vietnamese and 426,908 South Koreans. So I applied to grad school here., Photo: Luciano Mortula LGM/Shutterstock, Baye McNeil, a Black American journalist turned long-time Tokyo resident, wrote in a New York Times article about feeling similarly to DeVon and myself about the relative safety for Black people in Japan. This is not the first time that Yasuke has appeared in popular culture. Many young single Japanese male farmers choose foreign wives, mainly from the Philippines, Sri Lanka, Thailand, China and South Korea, due to a lack of interest from Japanese women living a farming life. The original version of this story misstated Africas geopolitical status. [10] According to research in 2009, the population to land density ratio has gradually increased, now at 127 million per 337 km2. According to the most recent American Community Survey, the Black population in Utah is 34,982 - at 1.1% of the total population of Utah. In a nation of people who notoriously have stick-straight hair, getting a haircut, for DeVon, was much more difficult than for your average Japanese citizen. Reporting on Blacks in Japan used black cultural artifacts as a tool to understand Japanese life. TFR by prefecture for 200005, as well as future estimates, have been released. [85] Additionally, Japanese men in urban parts of the country have also begun marrying foreign Asian women. [3] African Americans also joined the JET Programme to work as English teachers. When I was in Japan, one night I went to a basement bar with a couple of old friends from Melbourne. The U.S. is now 57.8% white, 18.7% Hispanic, 12.4% Black. The anime series Yasuke takes the void of knowledge post-1582 as a starting point: the Honn-ji Incident is its opening scene. $15.50 . In 2015, Ariana Miyamoto, a black Japanese woman who was born to an African American father and a Japanese mother, won the title of Miss Japan. Summary of Results - Current Population Estimates as of October 1, 2021 Population for Japan [Total Population] . And Im like, Wow. This might be a little bit of what our ancestors felt like, getting denied from certain spaces. Movements with objectives ranging from "liberation" to encouraging integration have tried to change this situation,[10] with some success. [15] The latest population census reflects the situation as of 2020. Did you know that with a free Taylor & Francis Online account you can gain access to the following benefits? This text provides general information. It caused an outcry on the internet! Regional cities offered familiarity to those from nearby areas, lower costs of living, shorter commutes, and, in general, a more relaxed lifestyle than could be had in larger cities. The Netflix anime series takes a new approach in telling Yasukes storyone that combines historical elements with fantastical components. Compared to the findings of July 1993 as well as in July 2000, the population density has greatly increased, from 50% of the population living on 2% of the land to 77%. "I feel more comfortable, I feel safer. [64] Despite this, Japan ranks as number two globally on the amount spent on pornography, after South Korea. Find your information in our database containing over 20,000 reports, land prices in the three large metropolitan areas. Japan formally accepts foreign blue-collar workers. . Black Americans are diverse. Many of these ideas persist today: Countless numbers of the touchstones of their contemporary culture that even foreigners associate with Japan like the Japanese poetry style haiku and Japanese traditional theater, kabuki, for example were invented during this time. [10][41], Government statistics show that in the 1980s significant numbers of people left the largest central cities (Tokyo and Osaka) to move to suburbs within their metropolitan areas. No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s). In Hokkaid, there is the Ainu language, which is spoken by the Ainu people, who are the indigenous people of the island. [69], Characterized as remnants of a primitive circumpolar culture, the fewer than 20,000Ainu in 1990 were considered racially distinct and thus not fully Japanese. Out-migration from rural prefectures continued in the late 1980s, but more slowly than in previous decades. The government has received 200 claims of karoshi related work injuries each year, with some leading to suicide. This issue is rife throughout the world though.". liability for the information given being complete or correct. Literally there are some cases in which you will never meet them, even if you move in. Japanese statistical authorities do not collect information on ethnicity, only nationality. [62], The Japanese management working culture in Japan has led some to work-related deaths due to heart attack or stroke, this has led to the term karoshi (lit. [79] In many cases special residents, despite being born in Japan and speaking Japanese, have chosen not to take advantage of the mostly automatic granting of citizenship to special resident applicants. Animation is always the medium where you can do things that real people cant do, Thomas told TIME. While the newspapers narratives in stories of Japan and the United States had overlapping themes, the emphasis differed with national context. The reform changes the status of foreign workers to regular employees and they can obtain permanent residence status. A: According to OnlyFans statistics from 2022, citing figures from August 2021, the platform features approximately 2 million content creators, 98% of whom create adult content. In 2019, there were 46.8 million people who self-identified as Black, making up roughly 14% of the country's population. Before going there, there was no truly safe space in the US. 19-1 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8668 Japan, 1996 Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (JCN2000012020001), Current Population Estimates as of October 1, 2021. Historically the bulk of those taking Japanese citizenship have not been foreign-born immigrants but rather Japanese-born descendants of Koreans and Taiwanese who lost their citizenship in the Japanese Empire in 1947 as part of the American Occupation policy for Japan. Ever? I asked, thinking maybe I had misunderstood. But its as unavoidable. McNeil continued, Japan is now a multicultural, multiracial country, and will become increasingly so in the years to come.. 2.60. And so often, the way it is is inside this anti-foreigner culture.. Last October, I went to visit DeVon in Tokyo and had the exact same feeling, like a weight was lifted from my shoulders, like my fears could be diverted to more worthwhile issues. Jan 12, 2023. 5 While analyzing Japanese newspapers coverage of Obama, Hwang (2009 Hwang, S. (2009). In 2021 (a one-year postponement due to the coronavirus ), Tokyo will be hosting the Summer Olympics for the first time since 1964, and many believe this will serve as an unofficial turning point in Japanese globalization as far as their social responsibilities to foreign peoples. When youre talking about something as inane as paperwork, this may seem like just a funny idiosyncrasy, but with so much of Japans national identity rooted in tradition, it can be hard to change the status quo even when that zeitgeist becomes harmful. DeVon swears the atmosphere in the shop is exactly what one would expect from someone who had made such a pledge, divulging that it feels exactly like my barbershop in Los Angeles or Atlanta. It was his last victory, Lockley said. [1], Yasuke, an African man, possibly from Mozambique, arrived in Japan in the late-16th century alongside Jesuit missionary Alessandro Valignano. Most famously, he once circulated a petition that spurned the cancelation of a racist segment of a Japanese variety show that aired on national television. Some have said that Yasuke was a slave, and Lockley acknowledges the theory but disagrees. The ritual sometimes involves a kaishakunin, or a designated second who beheads the individual. We use cookies to improve your website experience. ", "20(Number of Foreign residents in Japan)", "Embassy taps help of Pinoy groups in Japan", "Ranks of Happiness in Nations in the 1990s", "Countries Compared by Lifestyle > Life satisfaction. Together these countries makes up 91,126 or 82.6% of all new residents from 2014 to 2015. The population decreased in 46 prefectures. The Black population in 2021 comprised 14.9% of the nation. My wife Haruki is Japanese, and my 4-year-old daughter Kantra is the only Black girl in her preschool class. However, the White alone population decreased by 8.6% since 2010. Lockley said that Yasuke was most likely left wounded on the battlefield. Mitchell. "It's really sad that people are being discriminated in 2015 because of nationality. Registered in England & Wales No. [33], Live births, birth and death rates, overall fertility rate, and net change in Japan from 1899 to present. About 80million of the urban population is heavily concentrated on the Pacific shore of Honshu.[25]. But impressions of Japan were not universally positive. To learn about our use of cookies and how you can manage your cookie settings, please see our Cookie Policy. For more information read our privacy policy. It was on this trip that Yasuke crossed paths with the feudal lord. Black or African American The Black population in the United States in 2021 totaled 49,586,352, up 0.7% from July 2020. When I interact with white people [in Tokyo]? Along with his studies, DeVons visa allows him to work 28 hours a week, a privilege he utilizes by working at a brand new hostel, UNPLAN Shinjuku. Its exactly right.. The total population had declined by 0.8 percent from the time of the census five years previously, the first time it had declined since the 1945 census. | Street Interview Asian Boss 3.48M subscribers Subscribe 12K 312K views 1 year ago It's now been a year since the death of George Floyd in the US. 2023 TIME USA, LLC. [63], Many Japanese lead a sexless marriage. Everything is paper.. You have reached your limit of free articles. These types of experiences inform his work a great deal. Language other than English spoken at home, percent of persons age 5 years+, 2017-2021. [30], 1965 (10th national census of population), 1970 (11th national census of population), 1975 (12th national census of population), 1980 (13th national census of population), 1985 (14th national census of population), 1990 (15th national census of population), 1995 (16th national census of population), 2000 (17th national census of population), 2005 (18th national census of population), 2010 (19th national census of population), 2015 (20th national census of population), Live births and deaths of Japan (1946-2019), Crude birth and death rate of Japan (1946-2019).