Demographic estimates place 1,611 pioneers in the valley of the Great Salt Lake during the winter of 1847. [17] Ute chief Wakara suggested the pioneers instead move into the Sanpete Valley in central Utah, where they established the community of Manti. Take a look at interactive, … Mormon pioneers traveled by wagon, horse and even pushed handcarts. Lehi High School is located in Lehi, Utah County. database from the LDS Church History Library containing a compilation of names obtained from rosters and other reliable sources of individuals who immigrated to Utah from 1847-1868 After three weeks, Clayton grew tired of personally counting the revolutions of a wagon wheel and computing the day's distance by multiplying the count by the wheel's circumference. This and bad weather further delayed the already late pioneers. However, two companies left late and used green wood to make their wheels, which consequently broke down frequently. Where is this National Historic Trail? In 1855, efforts to subdue and evangelize to local Native people led to outposts in Fort Lemhi on Idaho's Salmon River, Las Vegas, Nevada and Elk Mountain in east-central of present-day Utah. The footnotes, bibliography, maps, pictures, pioneer companies by name and dates for the 22-year period, and historic sites - about 2/3 of the book - have also been left out for space considerations. At a difficult crossing of the Platte, just before encountering the Sweetwater River, the company made use of their portable boat and were able to cross with comparative ease. William Clayton was appointed company scribe and was expected to record an accurate description of their journey and the distance they traveled each day. The train contained 73 wagons, one cannon, 93 horses, 52 mules, 66 oxen, 19 cows, 17 dogs and some chickens, and carried enough supplies to fully provision the group for one year. During this multi-day event, camp organizers sometimes require youth to avoid the use of technology or anything that the pioneers did not have on their journeys, to enhance the experience. Do you want to experience the trail? The company traveled six days during the week, but generally stayed in camp on Sunday to observe the Sabbath. The Mormon pioneers were members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), also known as Latter-day Saints, who migrated in the mid-1840s across the United States from the Midwest to the Salt Lake Valley in what is today the U.S. state of Utah. Box Elder, Cache, Salt Lake, Utah, and Sevier counties had large numbers of Danes listed in 19th Century Utah census totals but Sanpete County was the area where the largest number settled.[15]. Kane obtained permission for the Mormons to winter on Indian territory, and the site was originally called Kanesville. The Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel gathers information from journals, church history records, and other materials to locate the company in which an ancestor traveled across the plains to get to Utah. Patty's legendary 3,977 deliveries earned her the title of "Mother of Mormon Midwifery." As a result of the conflict, the Mormons were expelled from the state by Governor Boggs, and Rigdon and Smith were arrested and imprisoned in Liberty Jail. Church Emigration, 1840-1855 Coverage Table. While at Fort Laramie, the vanguard company was joined by members of the Mormon Battalion who had been excused from service due to illness and sent to winter in Pueblo, Colorado. It is the most comprehensive list of Mormon immigrants and the wagon trains that brought them to Utah. During the trip through the rugged mountains, the vanguard company divided into three sections. No need to register, buy now! On July 28, Young established a location for the future Salt Lake Temple and presented a city plan to the larger group for their approval. Given the needs of the large volume of Saints who would travel west, church leaders decided to avoid potential conflicts over grazing rights, water access and campsites. Spencer was the president of one of the five Mormon pioneer companies in 1849. The next day, larger segments of the valley were explored, streams and hot springs investigated and the first camp established in the Salt Lake Valley. Find the perfect mormon stock photo. This company consisted of about 100 wagons. Women and children were at night lashed to their berths, for in no other way could they keep in. They go on a hike for a couple of days so they can experience what the pioneers had. In April 1847, Young consulted with members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles who had recently returned from the British mission. By 2013, there were about 10,000 members of the LDS Church in India. Thousands of other Latter-day Saints crossed Iowa on variants of the 1846 route or on other trails, but … Mormon pioneer wagon train. This project covers all company commanders of the Mormon Pioneer migrations from 1847-1868) Finding Aids. With Jaelan Petrie, Stephanie Albach, Chris Kendrick, Shannon Skinner. After the initial departure of the Latter-day Saints living in Illinois and Missouri, converts to the church from other areas in the United States and from Europe followed the initial trail to join the main body of the church in Salt Lake City. On one occasion, he chastised the camp's hunters for being wasteful of flesh ... killing more than was really needed. Every year from 1847 until 1869, church members making this journey were formed into organized companies. Mormon Times. [9] The ship weighed 445 short tons (404 t) and measured 125 ft x 28 ft × 14 ft (8.5 m × 4.3 m) x 4.3 m) and was built in 1834 by Joseph H. Russell at Newcastle, Maine.[10]. Techniques for irrigating crops were investigated. Lds Church. The Star Valley Wyoming Temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, located in Afton, Wyoming. Full Company List. The Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel gathers information from journals, church history records, and other materials to locate the company in which an ancestor traveled across the plains to get to Utah. Access to water was crucial. In November 1845, Samuel Brannan, newspaperman and small-scale publisher of the Mormon paper The Prophet (later the New York Messenger), was directed by church elders to charter a ship that would carry its passengers away from the eastern United States to California, which was then part of Mexico. By the beginning of 2000, there were 2,435 members in four districts and eighteen branches, and in 2005 there were 5,951. Apostle Orson Pratt was named the company's scientific observer. Young continued to trust Kane throughout his own lifetime, particularly as an intermediary with the often hostile Federal government. [16] Upon arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, the Mormons developed and cultivated the arid terrain to make it more suitable. [13] Migration continued until about 1890, but those who came by railroad are not generally considered to be "Mormon pioneers.". He is no longer the CEO of the company, but during the almost decade he spent at the helm of the company, he was known to sit on the back row of his company’s planes, which had seats that didn’t recline, when traveling to demonstrate that serving the customer was more important that serving the … The waves swept the deck and even reached the staterooms... Children's voices were crying in the darkness, mother's voices soothing or scolding, men's voices rising above the others, all mingled with the distressing groans and cries of the sick for help, and, above all, the roaring of the wind and howling of the tempest made a scene and feeling indescribable.[8]. According to Woodruff, Young expressed his satisfaction in the appearance of the valley and declared "This is the right place, drive on." "Trail of Hope: The Story of the Mormon Trail". Church funds were also limited at this time, but church leaders provided what funding and other material assistance they could to families and companies which were undersupplied. She was a member of the second pioneer company of 1847 and dominated female society in Utah until her death. Slaughter, William and Landon, Michael. A new route on the north side of the Platte River was chosen to avoid major interaction with travelers using the established Oregon Trail on the river's south side. Sidney Rigdon was the First Counselor in the church's First Presidency, and as its spokesman, Rigdon preached several controversial sermons in Missouri, including the Salt Sermon and the July 4th Oration. The movement began in 1856 and continued until 1860. He was enthusiastic about the agricultural potential of the large Weber Valley. Indeed, one may ask what effect this disease had on the 1847 Mormon pioneer companies. In 1846, religious tensions reached their peak, and in 1848 mobs burned the Latter-day Saint temple in Nauvoo. Directed by Kels Goodman. Interested persons can find ample sources for that information. The … Deseret Book Company, Salt Lake City, 1997. In 1869, the transcontinental railroad was completed, and while many more saints continued to gather in Utah, the Mormon Trail was no longer used. The company halted for repairs and to reshoe the draft animals. Today a monument stands in the spot where he made this declaration. Handcarts cost less, and handcart … Brannan negotiated a fare of $75 for adults and half-fare for children with the Captain Abel W. Richardson, master and a principal owner of the ship Brooklyn. Salt Lake City also has the "Mormon Pioneer Memorial Monument," where Young, Eliza R. Snow, and other Mormon pioneers are buried and where a memorial exists dedicated to all who crossed the plains to the Salt Lake Valley. The ship Brooklyn sailed from Brooklyn Harbor, New York, and traveled south across the Atlantic equator, around Cape Horn, stopping at the Juan Fernández Islands, then to the Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), finally docking in Yerba Buena (now San Francisco) on July 29, 1846, having made the sea voyage in five months and twenty-seven days. Sort list by name, departure date, or arrival date by selecting the column header. Quotes By Genres. Utah Mormon Pioneer Overland Travel Database, 1847-1868 Description Each company is listed under its captain's name, and basic information is provided including a photograph of the captain, where available. Church members eventually headed south into present-day Arizona and Mexico, west into California, north into Idaho and Canada, and east into Wyoming, settling many communities in those areas. Although most of these emigrants paid their own expenses, the Church established the Perpetual Emigration Fundto provide financial assistance for poor emigrants to trek west, which they w… Alphabetical List of all Company Commander Names and Year of Departure. Chronological Company List. However, they arrived in Mexican Alta California just weeks after its occupation by the United States Navy at the outset of the Mexican–American War. The sections on Mormon beliefs and motivations for going west have been omitted. Picturing history: Pioneer trails in the Sweetwater Valley . Saints: The Story of the Church of Jesus Christ in the Latter Days, Seth M. Blair/Edward Stevenson Company (1855), Soren Christoffersen Freight Train (1864), Jedediah M. Grant/Willard Snow Company (1847), Jedediah M. Grant/Joseph B. Noble Company (1847), Samuel Gully/Orson Spencer Company (1849), Horton D. Haight/Frederick Kesler Freight Train (1859), Levi W. Hancock/Jefferson Hunt/James Pace/Andrew Lytle Company (1847), John S. Higbee/James W. Bay Company (1852), Jonathan H. Holmes/Samuel Thompson Company (1848), Edward Hunter/Joseph Horne Company (1847), Jakeman and Shurtliff's Freight Train (1863), Henry Bryant Manning Jolley Company (1852), Kimball and Lawrence Freight Train (1860), Kimball and Lawrence Freight Train (1864), Kimball and Lawrence Freight Train (1862), Livingston and Kinkead Freight Train (1850), Livingston and Kinkead Freight Train (1851), Livingston and Kinkead Freight Train (1855), Amasa M. Lyman/Charles C. Rich Company (1857), Amasa M. Lyman/Charles C. Rich Company (1852), Benjamin Franklin Matthews Company (1856), Charles McCarty/William Appleby Company (1858), Daniel A. Miller/John W. Cooley Company (1853), Orson Pratt/Ezra T. Benson Company (1857), Orson Pratt/Ezra T. Benson/Ira Eldredge Company (1854), Jacob F. Secrist/Noah T. Guymon Company (1855), Marcus De Lafayette Shepherd Company (1848), Marcus De Lafayette Shepherd Company (1857), Abraham O. Smoot/George B. Wallace Company (1847), Abraham O. Smoot/Samuel Russell Company (1847), Hiram T. Spencer/John Y. Greene Freight Train (1859), Daniel Spencer/Ira Eldredge Company (1847), Orson Spencer/ Joel J. Terrell Company (1853), Daniel Spencer/Perrigrine Sessions Company (1847), Thomas S. Williams/Seth M. Blair Freight Train (1850), Wright-Godbe/George Stringham Freight Train (1861), Joseph W. Young/Ansil P. Harmon/Heber P. Kimball Company (1861). Young organized a vanguard company to break the trail west to the Rocky Mountains, gather information about trail conditions, including water sources and Native American tribes, and to ultimately select the central gathering point in the Great Basin. Several hundred, including Young, returned east to gather and organize the companies scheduled for following years. Mormon history can be divided into three broad time periods: (1) the early history during the lifetime of Joseph Smith, (2) a "pioneer era" under the leadership of Brigham Young and his successors, and (3) a modern era beginning around the turn of the 20th century. The Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail is the 1,300-mile stretch the Mormon pioneers first crossed in 1847 from Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Great Salt Lake Valley. Quotes. In 1848, pioneer moved into lands purchased from trapper Miles Goodyear in present-day Ogden. Harriet Page Young, wife of Lorenzo Young, was the first woman selected for the company. The Mormon handcart pioneers were participants in the migration of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to Salt Lake City, Utah, who used two-wheeled handcarts to transport their belongings. His report encouraged 1851 settlement efforts in Iron Country, near present-day Cedar City. At that time the LDS Church was urging new members to gather to Utah, which led these early converts to make emigration plans. Instead of using wagons that were typically pulled by oxen, handcart pioneers pulled wooden carts themselves. During the winter of 1846–47, Latter-day Saint leaders in Winter Quarters and Iowa laid plans for the migration of the large number of Saints, their equipment, and their livestock. Since its founding in 1830, members of the LDS Church were often harshly treated by their neighbors, partially due to their religious beliefs, sometimes as a reaction against the actions and the words of the church leaders and members. [15] Religious freedom was written into the constitution of the Kingdom of Denmark in 1849. Fillmore, Utah, intended to be the capital of the new territory, was established in 1851. It contains lists of passengers in companies as well as genealogical information about ancestors. Jefferson Hunt, senior Mormon officer of the Battalion, actively searched for settlement sites, minerals and other resources. It was hoped that the group could, wherever possible, establish fords and ferries and plant crops for later harvest. In 1856 the Mormon pioneers trekked across the Great Plains in wagon trains and pulling handcarts to find a new home safe from persecution. Rigdon was released on a writ of habeas corpus and made his way to Illinois, where he joined the main body of Mormon refugees in 1839. [1] The Mormon handcart movement began in 1856 and continued until 1860. It contains lists of passengers in companies as well as genealogical information about ancestors. In October 1845, as church members were preparing to leave Nauvoo, the Nauvoo Neighbor printed an extensive list of suggested provisions for each family wagon. This is the Place Monument, This is the Place Heritage Park, Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail, Salt Lake City, Utah. The journey was taken by about 70,000 people beginning with advance parties sent out by church leaders in March 1846 after the 1844 death of the church's leader Joseph Smith made it clear that the group could not remain in Nauvoo, Illinois—which the church had recently purchased, improved, renamed, and developed because of the Missouri Mormon War, setting off the Illinois Mormon War. It was here that Young first met Thomas L. Kane, a non-Mormon from Philadelphia with deep personal connections to the Polk administration. This dangerous trek of nearly 24,000 miles (39,000 km) would claim 10 lives of the ship's 238 passengers,[11] nine of whom were buried at sea. MOUNTAIN FEVER IN THE 1847 MORMON PIONEER COMPANIES Jay A. Aldous The cause of mountain fever has been debated for years, but this query has additional interest because of the sesquicentennial year of the arrival of the Mormon pioneers in the Salt Lake Valley. [4][5] Young himself became ill soon after meeting Goodyear. The Mormons settled in the Salt Lake Valley, which at that time was used as a buffer zone between the Shoshones and the Utes, who were at war. These two companies included 486 Mormon pioneers using 96 handcarts. The original Brigham Young-led pioneer company has a separate project page. The settlement of Provo was particularly troubling to the Utes, since it was at the heart of their territory. Despite the tensions that drove them from their homes in the Eastern States, the crew and passengers "felt more cheerful and secure." The most famous of these are the Willie and the Martin handcart companies. Wells's Special Order No. Not everyone could afford to transport a family by railroad, and the transcontinental railroad network only serviced limited main routes, so wagon train migrations to the far west continued sporadically until the 20th century. The group consisted of 143 men, including three enslaved African-American men [2] and eight members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles, three women, and two children. Also traveling in the new group were church members from Mississippi who had taken a more southern route toward the Great Basin. Interested persons can find ample sources for that information. One of the best-known and best-loved stories of the Mormon pioneers is the testimony of Francis Webster, a member of the Martin Handcart Company. Between 1847 and 1869 more than 70,000 people crossed the plains to get to Salt Lake City. This database contains an index of names and other details for groups of Mormon pioneers who traveled to Utah primarily in handcart companies. These two companies are … Tensions in Fort Utah mounted after Mormons murdered Old Bishop,[18] and Young ordered an attack on Utes,[19] called the Battle at Fort Utah. These and other reasons caused the body of the church to move from one place to another—to Ohio, Missouri, and then to Illinois, where they built the city of Nauvoo. The apparatus was built to Clayton and Pratt's specifications by the company's carpenter, Appleton Milo Harmon, and was first used on the morning of May 12, 1847. Explore the Mormon Pioneer National Historic Trail across five states to see the 1,300-mile route traveled by Mormons who fled Nauvoo, Illinois, to the Great Salt Lake Valley in 1846-1847. This is the story of one 18-year-old young woman, Emma Girdlestone of the Willie Handcart Company, who faced starvation, frostbite, and death so she and her family could join their fellow Latter-day Saints in the Salt Lake Valley. Several later companies were largely made up of people with fewer resources, who pulled or pushed handcarts (similar to wheelbarrows) holding all of their provisions and personal belongings. Source: Vicky Burgess-Olson, Sister Saints. Young personally reviewed all available information on the Salt Lake Valley and the Great Basin, consulting with mountain men and trappers who traveled through Winter Quarters, and meeting with Father Pierre-Jean De Smet, a Jesuit missionary familiar with the Great Basin. In 1849, Tooele and Fort Utah in modern-day Provo were founded. Brigham Young is quoted as stating: "I say go [and] kill them... Tell Dimick Huntington to go and kill them—also Barney Ward—let the women and children live if they behave themselves... We have no peace until the men [are] killed off—never treat the Indian as your equal." Handcart Pioneer Companies. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 2. Other projects are organized by year of departure. He urged the vanguard company to continue on to California but was unable to shift the leader's focus away from the Great Basin. Path leading to mormon temple. Alphabetical Company List. During the last week of June, Sam Brannan, leader of the Mormon emigrant ship Brooklyn, met the company near Green River, Wyoming. Augusta Joyce Crocheron, a passenger on the ship Brooklyn, described the voyage: As for the pleasure of the trip, we met disappointment, for we once lay becalmed in the tropics, and at another time we were "hatched below" during a terrific storm. As the oxen weakened under the strain, wagons were lightened by discarding prized possessions, including book collections, family china, and furniture. By Kenneth Mays, Columnist August 14, 2019 Book review: ‘Temples Rising: A Heritage of Sacrifice’ is a wonderful compilation of temple-building church history. The roadometer showed that the company averaged between fourteen and twenty miles per day. Young divided this group into 14 companies, each with a designated captain. This project is a sub project of the Mormon Pioneers (1847-1868) Master Project. Planning a Trail Visit. Article from familysearch.org. About the same time, they were joined by thirteen more members of the sick detachment of the Mormon Battalion. Members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints first arrived in Utah in 1847 as they migrated west to escape persecution. Missourians and other travellers at the river paid the Saints $1.50 or more per wagon to help them cross. The other original women of the company, Ellen Sanders Kimball, wife of Heber C. Kimball, and Clarissa Decker Young, wife of Brigham Young, were asked to accompany the group to look after Harriet Young and keep her company. [8], On February 4, 1846 (the same day the Mormon exodus from Nauvoo began), the ship Brooklyn cleared New York harbor and began its nearly 6-month voyage to the Pacific coast of the then-Mexican Territory of California. "Trail of Hope: The Story of the Mormon Trail". The idea was that money could be saved in having pioneers use handcarts instead of wagons. These southern explorations eventually led to Mormon settlements in St. George, Utah, Las Vegas and San Bernardino, California, as well as communities in southern Arizona. The two scouts undertook a twelve-mile (19 km) exploratory circuit into the valley before returning to the larger party. The Mormon handcart movement began in 1856 and continued until 1860. This impacted the resources and supplies each family could draw upon as they covered the more than 1,000 miles (2,000 km) to the Great Basin. Happy Pioneer Day! 5, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Mormon settlement techniques of the Salt Lake Valley, History of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Oration Delivered by Mr. S. Rigdon on the 4th of July at Far West, Caldwell County, Missouri, "Mountain Fever in the 1847 Mormon Pioneer Companies", The Rest of the Story: Latter-day-Saint Relations with Utah-Native-Americans, Utah Historical Quarterly Volume XLVI 0pen Hand and Mailed Fist: Mormon-Indian Relations in Utah, 1847-52 by Howard A. Christy, Peace and Violence among 19th-Century Latter-day Saints, churchofjesuschrist.org: Mormon Pioneer Story, Lds.org: Database of Pioneer Companies and Individuals, Signaturebooks.com: Excerpt from book about the stranded handcart companies, Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mormon_pioneers&oldid=998947121, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2013, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles lacking in-text citations from February 2011, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Many of these pioneers walked much of the way as family members rode in the carts. Furniture rolled back and forth endangering limb and life. The well-organized wagon train migration began in earnest in April 1847, and the period (including the flight from Missouri in 1838 to Nauvoo), known as the Mormon Exodus is, by convention among social scientists, traditionally assumed to have ended with the completion of the First Transcontinental Railroad in 1869. The first segment of the journey, from Winter Quarters to Fort Laramie, took six weeks, with the company arriving at the fort on June 1. This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 19:37. Journals kept by both Clayton and Pratt have become valuable resources for historians of the Mormon trek west. In 1856, a series of poor harvests left the church with only a meager fund to help immigrants buy wagons and oxen, and church leaders … Today the trail is a national landmark, and many of its way-stations … Motivated to join their fellow Church members in Utah but lacking funds for full ox or horse teams, … Additionally, the "Pioneer" (characterized as "Pioneer Pete") is Lehi High School's mascot. Although his name has increasingly become associated with his statement, he is still better known as the unnamed old man in the corner of a Sunday School class who arose to silence criticism directed toward those who allowed that company to come … An account of the dialogue of the January 31 meeting can be found in BYC, Microfilm reel 80, box 47, folder 6. He made regular readings on scientific instruments, took notes on geological formations and mineral resources, and described plants and animals. Some companies, however, started late in the season which resulted in hardship and sometimes disaster. They created irrigation systems, laid out farms, built houses, churches and schools. In 1847, just east of the Rocky Mountains, the Kimball family dug a large hole, wrapped their piano in buffalo skins and carefully buried it. Mormon Church Chorley. With refreshing originality and a haunting rhythm to his prose, Williams reflects on the notion of space and seclusion both internally and externally.Williams also celebrates the landscape: its geology, flora and fauna, its people from the ancient Fremont to its Mormon pioneers, hiking aficionados and recluses such as Everett Ruess, and the controversial politics involved with the creation of Grand Staircase-Escalante … Due to the weather in the American heartland, the best time to travel was April–September. According to church belief, God inspired Brigham Young (Joseph Smith's successor as church president) to call for the Saints (as church members call themselves) to organize and head West, beyond the western frontier of the United States (into what was then Mexico, though the U.S. Army had already captured Santa Fe de Nuevo México and the colonized parts of Alta California in late 1846). She was in ill health and Lorenzo Young feared to leave her and their young children behind. Seizing the opportunity to both help future travelers and increase the cash available to the migration, nine men under the direction of Thomas Grover were left behind to construct and operate a ferry at that location. The sections on Mormon beliefs and motivations for going west have been omitted. PATTY BARTLETT SESSIONS, 1795-1892: Well-known Mormon Pioneer midwife. May 31, 2018 - Mormon Pioneer Companies (1847-1868) Genealogy - FamilySearch Wiki. 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