Some economists say the Song era was a time of technological and economic revolution. You need a Statista Account for unlimited access. Increasing foreign investment and a cluster of some of China's most successful private enterprises, like New York Stock Exchange-listed Alibaba, have made Hangzhou, once again, one of the most prosperous cities in China. Hangzhou Urban Area Population History. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. a. Ming and Qing Dynasties (1368-1644, 1616-1911). If these figures are valid, it means that the regional population growth stagnated for about 1,000 years! 1870 - Hu Ch'ing Yu T'ang medicine shop in business (approximate date). Urban dweller's education improved since schools were numerous, and greater wealth allowed the people to have the time to engage in study, reading, artistic pursuits, and travel. The Song used varieties of gunpowder in rockets including multistage rockets, guns, cannons, chemical warfare weapons, and bombs. That the merchandise sold in Hangzhou was of higher quality than that sold in other Chinese cities c. Guide to Hangzhou in the Zhejiang Province, The 13 Best Things to Do in Hanoi, Vietnam, Where to Go in 2023: The Most Exciting Destinations to Explore This Year, Travel Itinerary: What to Do and See With Eight Days in Vietnam, The Best Day Trips to Take From Shanghai, China, 3 Days in Beijing: The Ultimate Itinerary, A Visitor's Guide to the City of Zhengzhou, Daily Itineraries for Chengdu and the Surrounding Area, Get our travel tips Delivered to your inbox. Hangzhou's population increases as well as its regional power, serves as the capital for the Wuyue kingdom in the late tenth century. They defeated Jin attacks partly because they had a better navy. Neo-Confucian thought became their dominant philosophy of life and religion. Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. Not only is it a major tourist destination for its famous West Lake, but it's also home to some of China's biggest innovative businesses, like Alibaba. The Song rulers retained their domains south of the Huai River and Yangtze along with most of the population. & Referral Program. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be the most difficult to verify? His model of government and rule was emulated by the big empires that came later. Since the construction of railways in Fujian province in the 1950s, Hangzhou has become the focus of rail traffic from the southeastern provinces to Shanghai. their way. A population count in Hangzhou was carried out in 2023. 1979 - Chen Anyu becomes mayor. It was the philosophy of bureaucrats from the Song era until the end of the Qing Era (1912) except during the Yuan Dynasty (12791368) era. These academies successfully nurtured world-leading scientists and officials who excelled in literature, arts, and sciences. But during the Southern Song era, most of the people lived in the south. [15] 1977 - Zhang Zishi becomes mayor. After fighting the Mongols for about 20 years, after the Mongols conquered Hangzhou in 1279, the remaining Song court and their supporters took to a fleet of ships to escape the Mongols. China Daily | Most preferred city by expatriates in China: Shanghai (209 000 expats). Arts and theater thrived. the use of cookies. China Highlights tailor-makes China tours to help travelers discover Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." - (Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E.) Enjoy your personal local guide and ride. The country's top ten most populous cities are Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Guangzhou, Chongqing, Chengdu, Shenzhen, Shijiazhuang, Wuhan and Harbin. United Nations - World Population Prospects, Hangzhou, China Metro Area Population 1950-2023, The current metro area population of Hangzhou in 2023 is, The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2022 was, The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2021 was, The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2020 was. Chart. Iron foundries were established in various places, and using both coal and charcoal, they produced as much as 200 million pounds of iron and steel a year for weapons and tools. As of the end of 2021, Hangzhou's permanent resident population was 12.204 million, up from 11.936 million at the end of 2020. Explore destinations at your own pace. The textile industry, originally confined to silk production, now produces both silk and cottons. But during the preceding Tang era and before, the Han people mainly ate wheat and millet as their staple grains. Coordinates (Zhejiang Municipal People's Government): Source: China Meteorological Administration (precipitation days and sunshine 19712000), sources: (census dates, administrative division), Chenghuangmiao (City God Pavilion) located on Wushan (Wu Hill), This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 05:48. In 1234, the Song army tried to reclaim the cities of Kaifeng and Beijing, but then the Mongols under Kublai Khan attacked them. But it wasn't as important an innovation for the Song Empire as it turned out to be in Europe. Squeezed between two advancing armies, the last Jin emperor was defeated easily. These nine books were compiled, standardized, and compiled during the Song era. At the end of the Song Dynasty in 1277, the Song army used landmines against the Mongols. Eleven cities, including Hangzhou, Qingdao and Wenzhou, have populations of 9-10 million. She currently writes for Air France's Flying Blue China Club. Advanced waterworks: Major irrigation projects and canal building projects using advanced engineering techniques improved agriculture, transportation, food distribution and trade. According to a Buddhist monk named Shu Wenying, when the Song Emperor Zhengzhong (998-1022) learned about the southern rice varieties, he sent special envoys to fetch them in. After about two decades more of warfare against the Mongols, the Song capital was taken in 1279, and the Song Dynasty era was ended. They also learned to mass produce the fine porcelain. Experience local culture by practicing it. Its commercial role was later augmented by the construction of a railway to Shanghai (1909), of another to Ningbo (1914), and of a main line to Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in 193638. "2030", 20072020271, . document.write(oTime.getFullYear()); Today Hangzhou is booming again. Based on imperial census counts taken during the Western Han Dynasty (202 BC9 AD) and the Tang Dynasty (618907), it is thought that the population of both of the those empires was about 50 million or 60 million. Hangzhou city population data has been obtained from public sources. Hangzhou: Population: 64.568 million (4.57 %) [8 th] comparison table: Area: 102,000 km 2 [39,382 mile 2] (1.06 %) [25 th] GDP: th] Neighbors: Shanghai Jiangsu Jiangxi Anhui Fujian: Others or just click on the map: Ancient town of Xitang, Zhejiang. He said that the method wasn't useful for printing just a few sheets of text, but for a hundreds of sheets, the method was fast and economical. Subsequently, although no longer a major port, it remained a commercial centre for domestic trade and was opened to foreign trade in 1896. Chengdu and Hangzhou saw the Biggest Increases in Permanent Populations (May 16, 2018). The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. To fit these joint systems correctly, the Song architects and carpenters had to gauge the likely hazards and stresses the building was going to be face. Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? Which of the following assertions in the description of Hangzhou above would be most difficult to verify? The other three cites with 10 million-plus populations are Suzhou, Linyi and Baoding, according to a CBN Daily report in 2017. The philosophy served to ensure that bureaucrats were loyal to the dynasties. With the rapid development of the economy and increase of population . There were conflicts with the Viets in the south. A chemical industry has also been established. Show publisher information Take to the hills and visit some of the historical pagodas and temples. Updated: 2019-07-14 16:11, Police to conduct DNA test to identify body believed to be Zhang Zixin, Smaller, faster Starbucks adds extra jolt to coffee pick-up, Intelligent parking benefits Hangzhou residents, Life returns to normal in districts of Tibet's Lhasa, Diverse Inner Mongolia city features eco-harmony, Sept 18 Incident memorialized in Shenyang, Shenzhou astronauts complete second spacewalk, Burial ceremony for remains of 88 martyrs held in Shenyang, Expo hailed as key platform for Eurasian cooperation, China's Wing Loong-2 large UAV conducts plateau weather observation, People in Taiwan unhappy with island leader's handling of cross-Straits relations, Action by top court has helped safeguard environment, Most HK residents believe life is better with National Security Law, poll says, China launches scientific expedition on Yangtze finless porpoises, Premier Li, Vietnamese PM hold phone conversation, Premier stresses fire prevention and control, Xi urges SCO to strengthen cooperation, promote building of closer SCO community, Targeted measures key for common prosperity: Expert, President Xi shows importance of national heroes, Shanghai Cooperation Organization: A brief history, Ancient span bridges river and lives in city of Wuhan, Ten photos from across China: Sept 9 Sept 15, Xi attends SCO Summit, visits Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan. In between, there was a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals before the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. However, unlike their influence in developing culture, religion and philosophy, many of the Song scientific advances were lost and forgotten in the later dynasties. 1867 - Hangchow Presbyterian Boys' School in operation. answer choices facilitated trade provided a nice breeze By using huge kilns and bellows, they could bake at extremely high temperatures as many as 25,000 pieces at one time. The proportion of residents aged between 16 and 59 years stood at 70.12 percent. Hurun Global Rich List 2020", Hangzhou Economic & Technological Development Zone|China Industrial Space, Hangzhou Export Processing Zone|China Industrial Space, Hangzhou Hi-Tech Industrial Development Zone|China Industrial Space, "Modern-Day Marco Polo for Hangzhou, China", "Hangzhou Port cargo throughput exceeds 100 mln tons", KLM launched its first flight to Hangzhou in China, "China unveils Shanghai-Hangzhou high-speed railway; eyes network extension", "Hangzhou Halts All Electric Taxis as a Zotye Langyue (Multipla) EV Catches Fire", "Zhejiang University surpasses Tsinghua as top university of China", "Leading 200 science cities | Nature Index 2022 Science Cities | Supplements | Nature Index", "Kota Kinabalu, Hangzhou to ink MoU to enhance friendship ties", "Remarks by Consul-General CHEN Peijie At the National Day Reception", "China's Hanghzou Clears Out Pestsand Peopleas It Prepares to Host the G20 Summit", Arts Crafts Museum Hangzhou in Google Cultural Institute, List of universities and colleges in Zhejiang, Yangtze River Midstream (Yangtze River Valley), Sub-provincial cities as provincial capitals, Template:Administrative divisions of Taiwan, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hangzhou&oldid=1142578752, Populated places established in the 3rd century BC, Sub-provincial cities in the People's Republic of China, Pages with non-numeric formatnum arguments, Articles containing Chinese-language text, CS1 Simplified Chinese-language sources (zh-hans), CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown, Articles with Persian-language sources (fa), Articles with Latin-language sources (la), CS1 Chinese (China)-language sources (zh-cn), Short description is different from Wikidata, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images, Articles containing simplified Chinese-language text, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2023, Articles needing additional references from April 2018, All articles needing additional references, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2010, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2013, Articles needing cleanup from August 2019, Articles with sections that need to be turned into prose from August 2019, Articles needing additional references from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2023, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2020, Articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. For about 150 years, the result of the Song wars was stalemate. -1, Xi Story: Preserving the beauty of West Lake, Hangzhou summit sees nation moving to common prosperity, Viewing the city at one meter: Hangzhou steps up child-friendly city construction, Hangzhou Asian Games keeps sportsmanship alive, Official English Website of Zhejiang Province. Cities in Albania starting with the letter D, Cities in Australia starting with the letter G, Cities in Kuwait starting with the letter W. He was a court official and a leading general as well as a scientist. Song scientists advanced the state of world knowledge about the geography of the empire and of the world, astronomy, magnetism and the compass, mechanical engineering, architecture, chemistry, and other subjects. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It became immensely wealthy, being at the centre of a fertile rice-growing area as well as being the site of the most important silk industries in China. Most other cities can only boast of one special product; what makes the capital unique is that it gathers goods from all places. However, Hangzhou is also an ancient city with a rich and complex history. It was a period of warfare and turmoil. A railway network connects Hangzhou to Shanghai and Ningbo, as well as to Xuanzhou in Anhui province (northwest) and Nanchang in Jiangxi province (southwest). Population HUB - this is an accessible statistics of the population of the country, city and any other region. highlights! Hangzhou is also a national centre of higher education. After a short period of invasion and infighting among rivals, the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. 1951 638,000 The population of Hangzhou in 1235 was 1.24 million. The custom of foot binding spread to the lower classes and even to peasants although it rendered the girls less capable of doing farm labor or work around the house. Updates? According to the newly-released Bulletin on Key Population Data of Zhejiang Province (2021), the permanent population of Zhejiang Province has reached 65.40 million by the end of 2021, showing an increase of 720 thousand compared to the end of 2020, which was 64.68 million. 1277 - Hangzhou Salt Distribution Commission established. But the Song invention did not affect their culture much. We have provided a few examples below that you can copy and paste to your site: Your data export is now complete. The Mongol conquest of the Song dynasty or the Mongol invasion of China beginning under gedei Khan (r. 1229 - 1241) and completed under Kublai Khan (r. 1260-1294) was the final step for the Mongols to rule the whole of continental East Asia under the Yuan dynasty (a division of the Mongol Empire).It is considered the Mongol Empire's last great military achievement. Shen Kuo (10311095) was one of the most important Song scientists. Song court officials were generally chosen based on their performance on the Imperial Exam. 8 700 000 people Flag of China In February 2022 2023. In addition, the ancient Grand Canal from Beijing to Hangzhou was dug to run through the city, as was the Beijing-Shanghai Railway. Without written authorization from CDIC, such content shall not be republished or used in any form. Learn more about how Statista can support your business. Directly accessible data for 170 industries from 50 countries and over 1 million facts: Get quick analyses with our professional research service. That Hangzhou had a large population b. Gunpowder became powerful enough to make dangerous weapons. . 1922 - Sisters of Charity Hospital founded. Rice became the major food crop, and their increased output enabled the population to explode. Population of Fuyang. 1972 - February: Richard Nixon visits city. The consent submitted will only be used for data processing originating from this website. May 16, 2018. Hangzhou Export Processing Zone approved. These were more drought resistant and ripened much faster than their traditional varieties. Have unparalleled flexibility, which is impossible on a group tour. There was a giant naval battle involving 200,000 people on a fleet of 1,000 ships against 20,000 Mongol troops on only 50 ships! There was a big migration of Han ethnic people from the old northern domains into the new empire. Another Song custom that became traditional and even normative in the Han lifestyle was perhaps the most distinctive, painful and destructive tradition of female foot binding. The Song built several of the world's biggest cities that had ever existed up to that time. Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide wrote a treatise called Wujing Zongyao in 1044 that described several formulas for making powerful blasting powder with a large percentage of nitrate. This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 05:52. 1. His capital was in Kaifeng. Song cities, centers of government and commerce, were among the largest cities of the world. He is known for successful and daring military leadership and as the man who set up the foundations and traditions for the Song Empire to become the greatest on earth in that era. But most of their tall towers were built in the capital cities of Kaifeng and Hangzhou. Like the Leaning Tower of Pisa, this tower leans slightly. Porcelain: Song porcelain was highly prized in the West. . Qingdao - 10.25 million (up by 150,000) As the Song Empire expanded in the late 900s, they resisted them. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. Their written language used tens of thousands of different, highly intricate and complex, and difficult to shape characters, not the roughly 23 to 33 relatively simple and easy to design or mold alphabetic character shapes used in European languages. The government of Hangzhou, a tech hub in east China . The Song used very high firing temperatures and learned to accurately shape their ceramics and apply such exquisitely beautiful artwork that it was the finest ceramic made in the world up to that time. Hangzhous architecture and gardens are renowned, and it is situated among hills and valleys in which some of the most famous monasteries in China are located. The level of their technology would not allow it, and various wars, famines, and disasters kept killing off the population. During the Southern Song era, people learned how to live in several of the world's largest urban centers ever constructed until that time. What was the importance of the Indian Ocean during the 1200-1500's? Profit from the additional features of your individual account. According to a Hangzhou Municipal Statistics Bureau report, the city's population has grown rapidly over . Some of the Song hexagonal or octagonal pagodas that were built of brick and/or wood still survive. [56] The most recent estimates of the city's urban area population are between 6,658,000 and 6,820,000. The Tangut people had a large kingdom called Western Xia (10381227) in the northwest that controlled access to the strategic Gansu land corridor, a huge long valley, that permitted travel and trade on the Silk Road. Large commercial cities such as Hangzhou grew so large and rich that they astounded Marco Polo (12541324), the Italian merchant and government official, when he saw them. If you can weave through the vendors, you can get a sense of what the city looked like in ancient times. The Mongol army that was sent to invade them was far bigger than the ones sent to attack the Middle East, Russia, Europe or any other region, but the Mongols had quickly conquered all the other countries and empires. This saying means "in heaven there is paradise, on earth there is Su[zhou] and Hang[zhou]". The farmers were wealthier and better educated than in earlier eras, and agricultural manuals helped to disseminate the best techniques for rice cultivation. Hangzhou is a city in China and had a population of 5,162,039 (including Xiaoshan and Yuhang) at the 2010 census, an increase of 4.8% per year since the 2000 census. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/place/Hangzhou, Hangzhou China - Official site of Hangzhou, Hangzhou - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). A member of the emperor's clan evaded capture, and he became the first emperor of the Southern Song with the imperial name Gaozong. and A paid subscription is required for full access. Hangzhou - Population. He ensured that his educated courtiers and officials had more power in his government than did the military generals or rich lords. Since 1949 Hangzhou, though it has been carefully preserved as a scenic district and tourist attraction, has also developed into an industrial centre. Thank you for choosing the Population HUB. After the Qing Dynasty crumbled and the republic was established, Hangzhou lost economic status to Shanghai with its foreign stakes in the 1920s. By the year 1200, Hangzhou was transformed to be the largest metropolis in the world with 1 to 1.2 million people. Chart and table of population level and growth rate for the Hangzhou, China metro area from 1950 to 2023. Sarah Naumann is a long-term Shanghai resident and expert on travel to China. Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) These years saw Hangzhou's golden age of prosperity as it became the capital city of the Southern Song Dynasty. Although it never again reached the peak of importance that it had achieved as capital of the Nan (Southern) Song, Hangzhou remained important. See our 5-Day Hangzhou and Watertown Tour for tour ideas that we can extend for you to include Kaifeng. United Nations population projections are also included through the year 2035. Zhejiang province looks both north to the Yangzi and south-east to the sea. By DU JUAN | When the Mongols won, they used the various kinds of gunpowder weapons in their attacks on other countries. From 1075 to 1077, the Ly Dynasty in Vietnam fought them. Please do not hesitate to contact me. The West Lake itself is a nice way to ground yourself in the history of the city with its beautiful views and scenic walks. They carried gunpowder bombs that could blow up enemy boats. What is al-sakh? 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There are scheduled flights to Singapore and to Hong Kong and other major cities in China from Hangzhou Xiaoshan International Airport (opened 2000), 17 miles (28 km) east of the city. In the later Song period (9601279), northern China fell to the Jin (Juchen) dynasty (11151234); from 1127 the Song rulers were confined to southern China, and they made Hangzhou (then known as Linan) their capital. Use Ask Statista Research Service. The saying "my enemy's enemy is my friend" is often wrong. In the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, the Mongols created the largest contiguous empire the world has ever known. Knowledgeable, enthusiastic, and attentive your personal local guides will Silk and porcelain were the two most valuable exports. among rivals before the remnants of the empire arose again south of the Yangtze. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. The Mongols blockaded the fleet so that they ran out of water. The overall population grew from 50 million at the beginning of the Northern Song to about 118 million 167 years later in 1127, and it kept growing thereafter. The population couldn't grow. In 1235, his son gedei, who replaced him, called in a kurultai to decide on the future direction of the conquests. First Taizu and then his descendants tried to address these foreign affairs issues. The content (including but not limited to text, photo, multimedia information, etc) published in this site belongs to China Daily Information Co (CDIC). If you use our chart images on your site or blog, we ask that you provide attribution via a link back to this page. For example, the four largest operatic drama theaters in Kaifeng could hold audiences of several thousand people each. 100% payment refund prior to 3 weeks before departure (. It was thought that this made them more submissive and signified their family's status. Hangzhou becomes increasingly powerful and prosperous. The Song court, stymied in the northwest, next wanted to expand south to annex the Viet territory. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). This policy stabilized the process of dynastic succession by ensuring that the empire's administrative staff could carry on their duties when the emperor died. The court also desired the territory of the Western Xia in the northwest. Furthermore, because of the large population and the busy commercial traffic, there is a demand for everything." Because the geographical area was relatively small, the population density of the Southern Song Empire was the highest in the world for a comparably sized empire up to that time. The Song liked to apply a dainty line of the roofs of their wooden buildings so that the eaves upcurved upwards at the corners in a distinctive way. China Travel Restrictions 2023 & Travel Advisory. AuthorHUANG Yuxuan (Reporter) EditorWang Jian. The city has adopted policies this year to attract people to settle down, which will lead to a further population increase in the following years, said the report. The metro area population of Hangzhou in 2021 was 7,846,000, a 2.67% increase from 2020. 1621 - Huanduzhai publishing house in business. The new emperor, Gaozong, set up his capital city in the wealthy and large merchant city of Hangzhou in the year 1132. As a Premium user you get access to background information and details about the release of this statistic. In, UN DESA. Hangzhou, capital of Zhejiang province, is one of the largest cities in east coastal areas of China. The city population of Hangzhou is 1212800 The urban area population of Hangzhou is Description of Hangzhou, capital of the southern Song dynasty, circa 1235 C.E. Foreign trade was a Southern Song priority, and the government constructed large and advanced merchant and military ships and improved harbor facilities. The Imperial Examination System: Taizu is known as one who set the policy that most of the governing officials of his empire should be Confucian Literati who passed a difficult exam called the Imperial Exam that tested mainly knowledge of the Confucian Classics and other ancient literature. Hangzhou is an economic centre of and export base for east-central China. International trade was a very important part of their economy. Facebook: quarterly number of MAU (monthly active users) worldwide 2008-2022, Quarterly smartphone market share worldwide by vendor 2009-2022, Number of apps available in leading app stores Q3 2022, Profit from additional features with an Employee Account. Here's a list of the top 10 cities with the biggest increases in permanent populations in 2021: 1. They used blasting powder for mining and other peaceful uses as well. To pass the examination, almost all bureaucrats needed to learn by heart the Four Books of the Neo-Confucian Classics. Backed by the new drivers of the information economy, Hangzhou enjoys an edge in the digital economy industries, including e-commerce, cloud computing and big data, information security, artificial intelligence and blockchain, which will potentially further increase the city's influence and attract more talent.