I chose the audible version in which Harjo reads her own work. The first of four children, Harjo's birth name was Joy Foster; she later changed her name to "Harjo," her Mvskoke grandmother's family name. Then Doubt pushed through with its spiked head. Throughout her career, Harjo has faced the additional challenge of not fitting into a conveniently packaged genre. Theres where fears slay us, in the dark of the howling mind. Be respectful of the small insects, birds and animal people who accompany you.Ask their forgiveness for the harm we humans have brought down upon them. From her memory of her mothers death, to her beginnings in the native rights movement, to the fresh road with her beloved, Harjos personal life intertwines with tribal histories to create a space for renewed beginnings. We keep on breathing, walking, but softer now, What can we say that would make us understand, Except to speak of her home and claim her, as our own history, and know that our dreams, don't end here, two blocks away from the ocean. Phone: 304-870-4574, Everything has presence and meaning within this landscape of timelessness. A healer. Make a giveaway, and remember, keep the speeches short. Without training it might run away and leave your heart for the immense human feast set by the thieves of time. Copyright1983 by Joy Harjo from She Had Some Horses by Joy Harjo. This is our memory too, said America. Her father was a Muscogee Creek citizen whose mother came from a line of respected warriors, and speakers who served the Muscogee Nation in the House of Warriors. While I myself have no native american ancestry, I grew up immersed in pow wow country and surrounded by Mvskoke (and Seminole, and Cherokee, and Choctaw) friends. All the losses come tumbling, down, down, down at three in the morning as do all the shouldnt-haves or should-haves. In addition to her many books of poetry, she has written several books for young audiences and released seven award-winning music albums. She frequently performs with her band Arrow Dynamics, and plays the guitar, flute, horn, ukulele, and bass. http://Homewardboundphotos.blogspot.com - Students give MasterClass an average rating of 4.7 out of 5 stars. Sun makes the day new.Tiny green plants emerge from earth.Birds are singing the sky into place.There is nowhere else I want to be but here.I lean into the rhythm of your heart to see where it will take us.We gallop into a warm, southern wind.I link my legs to yours and we ride together,Toward the ancient encampment of our relatives.Where have you been? June 21, 2019. https://www.npr.org/2019/06/21/734665274/meet-joy-harjo-the-first-native-american-u-s-poet-laureate. They were planets in our emotional universe. You must be friends with silence to hear. This city is made of stone, of blood, and fish.There are Chugatch Mountains to the eastand whale and seal to the west.It hasn't always been this way, because glacierswho are ice ghosts create oceans, carve earthand shape this city here, by the sound.They swim backwards in time. That house was built of twenty-four doves, rugs from India, cooking recipes from seven generations of mothers and their sisters, and wave upon wave of tears, and the concrete of resolution for the steps that continue all the way to the heavens, past guardian dogs, dog, after dog to protect. BillMoyers.com. Poet Laureate." I believe everyone embodies that need to create, in some way or the other, but some of us take it on at a larger level.. Joy Harjo's An American Sunriseher eighth collection of poemsrevisits the homeland in Alabama from which her ancestors were uprooted in 1830 as a result of the Indian Removal Act signed by President Andrew Jackson. She published her first book of nine poems calledThe Last Songin 1975. Once the world was perfect, and we were happy in that world.Then we took it for granted.Discontent began a small rumble in the earthly mind.Then Doubt pushed through with its spiked head.And once Doubt ruptured the web,All manner of demon thoughtsJumped throughWe destroyed the world we had been givenFor inspiration, for lifeEach stone of jealousy, each stoneOf fear, greed, envy, and hatred, put out the light.No one was without a stone in his or her hand.There we were,Right back where we had started.We were bumping into each otherIn the dark.And now we had no place to live, since we didnt knowHow to live with each other.Then one of the stumbling ones took pity on anotherAnd shared a blanket.A spark of kindness made a light.The light made an opening in the darkness.Everyone worked together to make a ladder.A Wind Clan person climbed out first into the next world,And then the other clans, the children of those clans, their children,And their children, all the way through timeTo now, into this morning light to you. He is your life, also.Remember the earth whose skin you are:red earth, black earth, yellow earth, white earthbrown earth, we are earth.Remember the plants, trees, animal life who all have theirtribes, their families, their histories, too. Harpers Ferry, WV 25425 | In those days, we always referred to it as the Creek nation, a moniker assigned to Mvskokes by white immigrants. We all battle. Harjos mother was a waitress of mixed Cherokee, Irish, and French descent. The work of Joy Harjo (Mvskoke, Tulsa, Oklahoma) challenges every attempt at introduction. And, there is, a cosmic hearteousnessfor the heart is the higher mind and nothing can be forgotten there, no ever or ever. American Sunrise is her first published work since becoming the top poet in the United States, and, as with other collections of hers that I have read, she does not disappoint here. The Bollingen Prize, established by Paul Mellon in 1949, is awarded biennially by Yale University Library through Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library to an American poet for the best book published during the previous two years or for lifetime achievement in poetry. "Joy Harjo." There are no words when you cross the, gate of forbidden waters, or is it a sheer scarf of the finest silk, or is it something else that causes you to forget. Harjo talks of Monawee as well as her aunts, uncles, and grandparents, noting that she and her grandmother share a love of the saxophone, both being above average musicians. Now that Harjo is the US Poet Laureate, I look forward to upcoming expressive work of hers. Participants can also put their favorite lines in chat, and we will compile a found poem from those that we will share later. We all have mulberry trees in the memory yard. Excerpted from the new memoir Poet Warrior, by Joy Harjo with permission from W. W. Norton & Company. ~ Joy Harjo from "Singing Everything" in AN AMERICAN SUNRISE . As such, Harjo has garnered numerous awards, honors, and fellowships throughout her impressive career, including two NEA Literature Fellowshipsin Creative Writing, the Lifetime Achievement Award from the Native Writers Circle of the Americas, the William Carlos Williams Award for Poetry, the Rasmuson U.S. Artists Fellowship, a Native American Music Award for Best Female Artist of the Year, and in 2015, the Wallace Stevens Award. of the party you will never forget, no matter where you go, where you are, or where you will be when you cross the line and say, no more. She is only the second poet to be appointed athird term as U.S. There is nothing quite like poetry to give balm to ones soul. These influences equipped Harjo with the tools to make sense of her difficult childhood. She flourished in an environment filled with creative people, ofwhom nearly all also came from Native-American families. People dont want to hear about Native Americans unless theyre feather-clad and dancing, she said. Another level of love, beyond the neighbors holiday light, display proclaiming goodwill to all men who have lost their way in the dark, as they tried to find the car door, the bottle hidden behind the seat, reason, to keep on going past all the times they failed at sharing love, love. Once a storm of boiling earth cracked openthe streets, threw open the town.It's quiet now, but underneath the concreteis the cooking earth, and above that, airwhich is another ocean, where spirits we can't seeare dancing joking getting fullon roasted caribou, and the prayinggoes on, extends out. When she finished all the books in the first-grade classroom, Harjos teachers sent her on to the second-grade bookshelves. "Joy Harjo Is Named U.S. Toshiko Akiyoshi changed the face of jazz music over her sixty-year career. A descendant of storytellers and "one of our finestand most complicatedpoets" (Los Angeles Review of Books), Joy Harjo continues her legacy with this latest powerful collection. by Joy Harjo. Make a giveaway, and remember, keep the speeches short. She also wrote songs for an all-native rock band. "Joy Harjos work is both very old and very new. Because who would believe, the fantastic and terrible story of all of our survival. Then a train of words, phrases, garnered by music and the need for rhythm to organize chaos. She is Executive Editor of the 2020 anthology When the Light of the World was Subdued, Our Songs Came ThroughANorton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry and the editor of Living Nations, Living Words: An Anthology of First Peoples Poetry, the companion anthology to her signature Poet Laureate project featuring asampling of work by 47 Native Nations poets through an interactive ArcGIS Story Map and anewly developed Library of Congress audiocollection. Her Native-American heritage is central to her work and identityso much so that even her arms bear beautiful, intricate symbols of her tribe. September 29, 1989. https://billmoyers.com/content/ancestral-voices-2/. Because who would believe, the fantastic and terrible story of all of our survival. Photo credit: Shawn Miller Keep up with our literary programmingno matter where you live. And http://davidthemaker.blogspot.com/, Singing Everything - Joy Harjo (A member of the Mvskoke/Creek Nation). Be respectful of the small insects, birds and animal people who accompany you. This new volume pays homage to her ancestors who traveled the Trail of Tears. "Meet Joy Harjo, The First Native American U.S. In 2019, Harjo became the first Native American United States Poet Laureate in history and is only the second poet to be appointed for three terms. They place them in a, part of the body that will hold them: liver, heart, knee, or brain. These lands arent our lands. We will be reading poetry from the US Poet Laureate Joy Harjos book, An American Sunrise. We invite people to pre-read the book if you can and we will be reading select poems from the book and discussing as a group. I enjoyed the variety & innovation in structure & the way some of the poems were moving and poignant without being heavy. We become birds, poems. Born in Tulsa, Oklahoma, in 1951, Harjo is a member of the Mvskoke/Creek Nation. In the early 1800s, the Mvskoke people were forcibly removed from their original lands east of the Mississippi to Indian Territory, which is now part of Oklahoma. boxes set into place by the need for money and power will not beget freedom. You must clean yourself with cedar, sage, or other healing plant. I lean into the rhythm of your heart to see where it will take us. A n American Sunrise, Joy Harjo's first book since she was named poet laureate of the United States . Harjos home was no less broken when her mother remarried several years later. The author of nine books of poetry, several plays and childrens books, and a memoir, Crazy Brave, her many honors include the Ruth Lily Prize for Lifetime Achievement from the Poetry Foundation, the Academy of American Poets Wallace Stevens Award, a PEN USA Literary Award, Lila Wallace-Readers Digest Fund Writers Award, a Rasmuson US Artist Fellowship, two NEA fellowships, and a Guggenheim Fellowship. Her earliest memories are filled with the sounds of her mothers lilting voice and the jazzy strains of trumpet spilling through the car radio. "Meet Joy Harjo, The First Native American U.S. guardian who took her arm to help her cross the road that was given to the care of Natives who made sure the earth spirits were fed with songs, and the other things they loved to eat. You must clean yourself with cedar, sage, or other healing plant. Get help and learn more about the design. Powerful new moving.w. Harjo is selected as the new US poet laureate in 2019 and the first Native American to hold this place. We build walls to keep anyone who is not like us out of here. Although she is perhaps best known for her writing, Harjo is also a talented musician and playwright. These lands arent your lands. The whole earth is a queen. What are we without winds becoming words? She writes extensively about what it means to be Native American in a primarily non-Native country. Toward the ancient encampment of our relatives. Here, she says, is a living, breathing earth to which were all connected. This poem was constructed to carry any memory you want to hold close. It doesnt matter, girl, Ill be here to pick you up, said Memory, in her red shoes, and the dress that showed off brown legs. She published her first book of nine poems called, In 1980, Harjo published her first full-length volume of poetry called, Harjo is a founding board member and Chair of the Native Arts and Cultures Foundation and, in 2019, was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets. In 1830 Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal Act, forcing indigenous peoples out of the southeastern United States. For Harjo, everything in nature holds wisdom and guidance. At the age of sixteen, she left home to attend the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, New Mexico. In REMEMBER, acclaimed Indigenous creators Joy Harjo and Michaela Goade invite young readers to pause and reflect on family, nature, their heritage, and the world around them. In a day and age when social media and digital distractions are an arms length away, Harjo believes it especially important for people to learn how to unhook. She urges her younger students in particular to unplug from media in order to concentrate deeply and mindfully on the task at hand. Joy Harjo. Her impact in these realms is proof enough of the power and importance of the artsfor the job of the artist is no extra. These influential women inspired Harjo to explore her creative side. Lovely voice. That you can't see, can't hear; Abrams is now one of the most prominent African American female politicians in the United States. So, my friend, lets let that go, for joy, for chocolates made of ashes, mangos, grapefruit, or chili from Oaxaca, for sparkling wine from Spain, for these children who show up in our dreams and want to live at any cost because. Urgent tendrils lift toward the sun. They show us who weve been, who we are, and who we are becoming, said Harjo. A guide. Invite everyone you know who loves and supports you. Unlike most people, Harjo seems to thrive with a full plate. Speak to it as you would to a beloved child. As she grew older, words excited Harjo even more. NPR. Used by permission of W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. AboutPressCopyrightContact. They sit before the fire that has been there without time. In the process of becoming the artist she is today, Harjo has been forced to confront her own demons and resist the pressure to conform to popular stereotypes. There was no late, only a plate of tamales on the counter waiting to be, or not to be. Joy Harjo was born in 1951 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. Harjo currently lives in Tulsa, Oklahoma where she serves as the first Artist-in-Residency of the Bob Dylan Center. Keep room for those who have no place else to go. Sun makes the day new. Art carries the spirit of the people. Poet Laureate." Joy read her own work and she has a beautiful voice filled with compassion, tenderness, and nuance. Topics include: Listening Comes Before Writing * Learning to Listen * Case Study: "Everybody Has a Heartache" * Case Study: "Frog in a Dry River" * Reach New Levels of . Breathe in, knowing we are made of So happy to have read this and will for sure pick it up many times. We are this land.. Harjo at a meeting of the NEA's National Council on the Arts, of which she was a member from 1998 to 2004. "Joy Harjo." Each word is a box that can be opened or closed. Most Indigenous history is oral so I felt that listening to her would be the best way to comprehend and honor her work. Call your spirit back. Knoxville, December 27, 2016, for Marilyn Kallets 70th birthday. In her autobiography, Harjo discussed her fathers struggle with alcohol and violent behavior that led to her parents divorce. In 2009, she won a NAMMY (Native American Music Award) for Best Female Artist of the Year. I remembered it while giving birth, summer sun bearing down on the city melting asphalt but there we were, my daughter, and I, at the door between worlds. I was born and raised in the Mvskoke nation of Oklahoma. Weaving Sundown in a Scarlet Light: Fifty Poems for Fifty Years Poetry, 2022. Remember all is in motion, is growing, is you. Academy of American Poets, 75 Maiden Lane, Suite 901, New York, NY 10038. We are truly blessed because we She has since been inducted into the National Womens Hall of Fame, National Native American Hall of Fame, the American Philosophical Society, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the American Academy of Arts and Letters. It sees and knows everything. Lets talk about something else said the dog. And I think of the 6th Avenue jail, of mostly Native, and Black men, where Henry told about being shot at, eight times outside a liquor store in L.A., but when. A stunning new volume from the first Native American Poet Laureate of the United States, informed by her tribal history and connection to the land. Now you can have a party. That lecture was the basis for Catching the Light, published in 2022 by Yale University Press in the Why I Write series. They sit before the fire that has been there without time. Her poetry is included on aplaque on LUCY, aNASA spacecraft launched in Fall 2021 and the first reconnaissance of the JupiterTrojans. For Keeps. At 64 years old, Harjo remains an unstoppable artistic force. Joy Harjo. National Womens History Museum. Your soul is so finely woven the silkworms went on strike, said the mulberry tree. There is nowhere else I want to be but here. At 64 years old, Harjo remains an unstoppable artistic force. She strongly believes that telling stories and creating art is a pervasive ability thats not unique to those individuals whom society labels artist. She said, Everybody has a story about creation, so we therefore are part of the need to create. She loved language and craved more of it from a young age. Weaving Sundown in a Scarlet Light traces every occasion of a lifetime; it offers poems on birth, death, love, and resistance; on motherhood and on losing a parent; on fresh beginnings amidst legacies of displacement. To look closely at others is to watch ourselves closely, and what a gift it can be, offering our attention. Songs for planting, for growing, for harvesting. This is what I remember she told her husband when they bedded down that night in the house that would begin. Dont take on more than you can carry, said the eagle to his twin sons, fighting each other in the sky over a fox, dangling between, them. We have also been talking to our poet laureate, Joy Harjo, about her life right nowas she has started to field requests to respond to the COVID-19 coronavirus crisis with an eye toward poetry. Harjo's parents divorced when she was a child. In telling her own story, both the beautiful and the broken parts, Harjo has become a leader. At various writing workshops across the country, she encourages new and seasoned artists to go after art forms that intrigue or inspire them. which she connected to her mother's singing and her deep identification with music. We arrived when the days grew legs of night. Singer, saxofonist, poet, performer, dramatist, and storyteller are just a few of her roles. Its in the plan for the new world straining to break through the floor of this one, said the Angel of, All-That-You-Know-and-Forgot-and-Will-Find, as she flutters the edge of your mind when you try to, sing the blues to the future of everything that might happen and will. (c/p from my review on TheStoryGraph) A beautiful book of poems. It is this rare sense of assurance in her work that drives her. Students will analyze the life of Hon. And know there is more During this time, she joined one of the first all-native drama and dance groups. The poems in this collection are a song cycle, a woman warriors journey in this era, reaching backward and forward and waking in the present moment. Joy Harjo has always been an artist. Joy Harjo was born on May 9, 1951 in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In the early 1800s, the Mvskoke people were forcibly removed from their original lands east of the Mississippi to Indian Territory, which is now part of Oklahoma. While she was at this school, Harjo participated in what she calls the renaissance of contemporary native art.. Remember sundownand the giving away to night.Remember your birth, how your mother struggledto give you form and breath. This is the story our mothers tell but we couldnt hear it in our ears stuffed with Barbie advertising, with our mothers own loathing set in place by patriarchal scripture, the smothering rules to stop insurrection by domesticated slaves, or wives. Inside us. My first time experiencing Joy Harjos work.. It was an amazing experience! If our work brings you any hope and a sense of belonging, then please consider supporting our labor of love with a donation. And then the other clans, the children of those clans, their children, And their children, all the way through time, For Calling the Spirit Back from Wandering the Earth in Its Human Feet. As one of few women and Asian musicians in the jazz world, Akiyoshi infused Japanese culture, sounds, and instruments into her music. She is an internationally known poet, performer, writer, and musician. Her work is rich and profound, filled with phrases that linger in the air as they roll off the tongue. Welcome your spirit back from its wandering. Singer, saxofonist, poet, performer, dramatist, and storyteller are just a few of her roles. they ask.And what has taken you so long?That night after eating, singing, and dancingWe lay together under the stars.We know ourselves to be part of mystery.It is unspeakable.It is everlasting.It is for keeps. Joy Harjo, the 23rd Poet Laureate of the United States, is amember of the Mvskoke Nation. Planning on a reread to see how the words and phrasing are structured. There are a few excellent pieces that Im looking forward to teaching in this one. She served as Executive Editor of the anthology When the Light of the World was Subdued, Our Songs Came ThroughA Norton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry and the editor of Living Nations, Living Words: An Anthology of First Peoples Poetry, the companion anthology to her signature Poet Laureate project. . Harjos awards include Yales 2023 Bollingen Prize for American Poetry, aLifetime Achievement Award from Americans for the Arts, aRuth Lily Prize for Lifetime Achievement from the Poetry Foundation, the Academy of American Poets Wallace Stevens Award, aPEN USA Literary Award, the Poets &Writers Jackson Poetry Prize, two NEA fellowships, aGuggenheim Fellowship, and aNational Book Critics Circle Ivan Sandrof Lifetime Achievement Award. Birds are singing the sky into place. I was surprised to learn that it was illegal for native persons of the U.S. to practice religious, spiritual, and cultural rituals until the Indian Religious Freedom Act of 1978 was enacted. Cut the ties you have to failure and shame. It hurt everybody. The heart has uncountable rooms. In addition to art and creativity, Harjo also experienced many challenges as a child. That small tradeoff between digital connection and meaningful art is a worthy one. Except when she sings. Weaving Sundown in aScarlet Light: Fifty Poems for Fifty Years, Wings of Night Sky, Wings of Morning Light, APlay, When the Light of the World was Subdued, Our Songs Came ThroughANorton Anthology of Native Nations Poetry, Living Nations, Living Words: An Anthology of First Peoples Poetry. At sunset say goodbye to hurt, to suffering, to the pain you caused others, or yourself. She noted in 1993, after she had won a second fellowship, that with that first grant, I was able to buy childcare, pay rent and utilities, and my car payment while I wrote what would be most of my second book of poetry, She Had Some Horses, the collection that actually started my career. Former U.S. poet laureate Joy Harjo has won an honorary award for lifetime achievement. 259 views, 12 likes, 5 loves, 0 comments, 1 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Brentwood Public Library: Singing Everything by Joy Harjo, performed by Milca, one of our English learning students.. At this age, said the fox, we are closer to the not to be, which is the to be in the fields of sweet grasses. Joy Harjo is more than a poet, painter, and musician; she is a spiritual being aware of the meaning of everything we see as well as the things around us that are usually invisible. Her tribal ancestors of Muscogees (Mvskokes) were ousted from their homes and lands in Alabama, forced to abandon their lives and possessions, and trudged a Trail of Tears to the Oklahoma Territory. And I think of the 6th Avenue jail, of mostly Nativeand Black men, where Henry told about being shot ateight times outside a liquor store in L.A., but whenthe car sped away he was surprised he was alive,no bullet holes, man, and eight cartridges strewnon the sidewalk all around him. "Joy Harjo Becomes The First Native American U.S. After this, Harjos mother married another man that also abused the family. A reading of two (timely) poems, "Singing Everything" and "For Earth's Grandsons", by incumbent Poet Laureate of the United States, Joy Harjo, from her colle. more than once. Jung named it but it was there long before named by Vedic and Mvskoke scientists. Photo by Kathy Plowitz-Warden, To this end, Harjo believes strongly in national support for the arts, and the role of the National Endowment for the Arts in particular within the countrys cultural landscape. Accessed July 9, 2019. https://poets.org/poet/joy-harjo. I chose to listen to the audiobook of this poetry collection. When she graduated from this program in 1978, she began taking film classes and teaching at various universities including the Institute of American Indian Arts in Santa Fe, Arizona State University in Tempe, the University of Colorado in Boulder, the University of Arizona in Tucson, and the University of New Mexico in Albuquerque. Playing With Song and Poetry. Remember sundown, Remember your birth, how your mother struggled, to give you form and breath. Turn off that cellphone, computer, and remote control. The New York Times. Poetry Foundation. Be respectful of the small insects, birds and animal people who accompany you. who begs faithfully at the door of goodwill: a biscuit will do, a voice of reason, meat sticks, I dreamed all of this I told her, you, me, and Paris, it was impossible to make it through the tragedy. Let your moccasin feet take you to the encampment of the guardians who have known you before time, who will be there after time. "Remember." Her first memoir, Crazy Brave, was awarded the PEN USA Literary Award in Creative Non Fiction and the American Book Award, and her second, Poet Warrior: AMemoir, was released from W.W. Norton in Fall2021. Take a breath offered by friendly winds. After graduating from high school, Harjo attended the University of New Mexico as a Pre-Med student. After this, Harjos mother married another man that also abused the family. You are evidence ofher life, and her mother's, and hers.Remember your father. This city is made of stone, of blood, and fish. Several lines stopped me in my tracks. In 1980, Harjo published her first full-length volume of poetry calledWhat Moon Drove Me to This? Nobody goes anywhere though we are always leaving and returning. Joy Harjo; AN AMERICAN SUNRISE; connection; spring; Eagle Poem. Ask the poets. To pray you open your whole self It gets a little hairy, she said, laughing, because I have to have a life too., But if balancing her many projects is a burden, Harjo hardly shows it. "Singing Everything" Once there were songs for everything, Songs for planting, for growing, for harvesting, For eating, getting drunk, falling asleep, For Sunrise, birth, mind-break, and war For death (those are the heaviest songs and they Have been pried from the earth with shovels of grief) Now all we hear are falling-in-love songs and Used with permission of the publisher, W. W. Norton & Company, Inc. All rights reserved. She/they have toured across the U.S. and in Europe, South America, India, Africa, and Canada. Yes, theres a cosmic consciousness. . Currently, she is juggling a new memoir, a musical play, a music album, and a book of poetry. Higher thought is carried in different acts and products of art., Celebrating and Preserving America's Ephemeral Art at Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival, A Legacy of Community at La Jolla Playhouse, Wolf Trap's Institute for Early Learning through the Arts, Spiritual and Physical Rebirth after the Oklahoma City Bombing, His music Is Contemporary, Classical and Rooted in America, Creative Forces: NEA Military Healing Arts Network, Independent Film & Media Arts Field-Building Initiative, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), National Endowment for the Arts on COVID-19, The NEA at 50: Shaping America's Cultural Landscape, Creating Something No One Has Seen Before.