Pictures, drawings, and photographs are especially effective because they provide common visual imagery for both instructors and students. The teaching process organizes the material an instructor wishes to teach in such a way that the learner understands what is being taught. Depending on the nature of the representation, cost can vary. Although lecture and demonstration-performance may be the methods used most often, being aware of other methods and teaching tools such as guided discussion, cooperative learning, and computerassisted learning better prepares an instructor for a wide variety of teaching situations, Obviously, the aviation instructor is the key to effective teaching. Instructors should also try to prepare students for viewing CD/DVD programs by telling them what to watch carefully, what is important or, possibly, what is incorrect. The PTS also has specific criteria or standards upon which to grade performance; however, the criteria may not always be specific enough for a particular lesson. Students are often accustomed to dramatic, action-packed movies or games designed as entertainment. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. Thus, the student pilot exhibits knowledge of all the elements involved in a poweroff stall as listed in the PTS, As discussed in chapter 2, humans develop cognitive skills through active interaction with the world. Blocks for instructor endorsements also may be included at appropriate points. B. want to escape from frustrating situations. Visual aids must be visible to the entire class. Effective instructors relate well to people. Usually the goal for students is a certificate or rating. In teaching a skill, the instructor must convey to the students the precise actions they are to perform. While aviation instructors are expected to be familiar with all regulatory training requirements, use of instructororiented training materials which are enhanced for regulatory compliance can be very beneficial for ensuring required training is being accomplished, endorsed, and properly documented. Students become more involved in their own learning, and instructors may no longer occupy a center-stage position in a typical classroom setting. If the applicant has a medical condition affecting his or her ability to demonstrate that he or she meets the FAA AELS, the flight instructor discontinues the process and refers the individual to the FSDO and the appropriate FAA medical An AMT uses ADM and risk management skills not only on the job site but also in the repair and maintenance of aircraft, Performance-based and decision-based objectives are also helpful for an instructor designing a lesson plan. Remember, the computer has no way of knowing when a student is having difficulty, and it will always be the responsibility of the instructor to provide monitoring and oversight of student progress and to intervene when necessary, Real interactivity with CAL means the student is fully engaged with the instruction by doing something meaningful which makes the subject of study come alive. 740 park avenue documentary netflix . There is no guarantee that all of this information is current, or even accurate, It is important to prepare an organized plan of action, Most frequently used to least frequently used, Introducing students to new subject material, Showing relationships between theory and practice, and, No direct reaction from students but economical, Establish the objective and desired outcomes, Help jog memory and ensures important points are emphasized, Can supplement other teaching devices and methods, Students tend to interact and achieve in ways and at levels that are rarely found with other instructional strategies, Clear directions on what the student is going to do, All members of the group must accept the objectives as ones they have agreed to achieve, Tasks are structured so that students must depend upon one another for their group's success in completing and mastering the target objectives, Student must not feel penalized for being placed in a particular group, The focus of learning tasks must be aligned with the specific objectives, Each student and group should be provided the amount of time needed to learn the targeted information, Students must engage in interactive abilities as leadership, Each student must be formally and individually tested to determine mastery and retention, Only members of groups who meet established levels of achievement receive the rewards, Lead-off Question - opens up an area for discussion (how or why, not what or when), Follow-up Question - guides into discussion, Students should be encouraged to participate. The scenario may not have one right or one wrong answer, which reflects situations faced in the real world. Frequently, good organization and natural patterns of logic dictate the sequence. In addition, e-learning often seems more enjoyable than learning from a regular classroom lecture. The pilot informed the controller that he was low on fuel and needed to land as soon as possible. An effective instructor never stops learning. If necessary, a public address system can be used to amplify the speakers voice. An effective aviation instructor uses the maneuver-based approach of the PTS but presents the objectives in a scenario situation, It has been found that flight students using SBT methods demonstrate stick-and-rudder skills equal to or better than students trained under the maneuver-based approach only. He is flying the four of them to the "big" football game. Errors in grammar and vulgarisms detract from an instructors dignity and insult the intelligence of the students, If the subject matter includes technical terms, the instructor should clearly define each one so that no student is in doubt about its meaning. If necessary, make assignments that give the students an adequate background for discussing the lesson topic. In many cases, these terms are used interchangeably, but there are important differences, A curriculum is a set of courses in an area of specialization offered by an educational institution. Since each teaching situation is unique, the setting and purpose of the lesson determines which teaching method is used, Todays instructor can choose from a wealth of ways to present instructional material: lecture, discussion, guided discussion, problem based, group learning, demonstrationperformance, or e-learning. Consequently, the student learns faster and more accurately, and the instructor saves time in the process, The use of any instructional aid must be planned, based on its ability to support a specific point in a lesson. [Figure 4-16], Good instructional aids also can help solve certain language barrier problems. To teach the cognitive skills needed in making decisions and judgments effectively, an instructor should incorporate analysis, synthesis, and evaluation into lessons using PBL. Since the material projected requires no special preparation, the cost is very low. Rather, flight maneuvers are integrated into the flight training scenarios and conducted as they would occur in the real world. By being well prepared, an effective instructor presents and applies lesson material, and also periodically assesses how well the learner is learning. It will be even more significant in the future, Computer technology continues to advance in quantum leaps, challenging traditional ways of teaching. While researching, the instructor should always be alert for ideas on the best way to tailor a lesson for a particular group of students. During a formal lecture, the speakers purpose is to inform, to persuade, or to entertain with little or no verbal participation by the students. However, writing standards to evaluate a students level of learning or overt behavior in the affective domain (attitudes, beliefs, and values) is more difficult, The overall objective of an aviation training course is usually well established, and the general standards are included in various rules and related publications. The planning should take into consideration the wind conditions, arrival paths, communication procedures, available runways, recommended traffic patterns, and courses of action in the event the unexpected occurs. Or the instructor may remind the students of an upcoming test on the material. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. The instructor begins by telling a story, showing a video clip, asking a question, or telling a joke. The instructor then shares the NTSBs determination of probable cause: "The pilots inadequate decision to continue VFR flight into IMC conditions, which resulted in a loss of engine power due to fuel exhaustion" which can lead to further discussions of how to avoid this type of accident. If possible, the instructor should have another knowledgeable person, preferably another instructor, observe the practice sessions and act as a critic. The instructor also should carefully consider the class size and the depth of the presentation. Some educators believe that television and the film industry have produced a visual culture that has actually changed the way people learn, Passive video, or video that the student watches like a movie, provide motion, color, sound, and in many cases, special effects with advanced graphic and animation techniques. Sometimes, in the process of writing the objective, a difficulty is encountered. As sources for access to information expand, the possibilities for distance learning increases, While e-learning has many training advantages, it also has limitations which can include the lack of peer interaction and personal feedback, depending on what method of e-learning is used. The instructor should try to make the students feel that their ideas and active participation are wanted and needed, The instructor opens the discussion by asking one of the prepared lead-off questions. If students wish to learn about a particular area, they do so by clicking the mouse on a particular portion of the screen. The following practices are fundamental in the use of the chalk or marker board: Keep chalk, markers, erasers, cleaning cloths, rulers, and related items readily available to avoid interruption of the presentation, Organize and practice the chalk or marker board presentation in advance, Write or draw large enough for everyone in the group to see, Leave a margin around the material and sufficient space between lines of copy so the board is not overcrowded, Make only one point at a time. A complete outline tends to distract students and makes a logical presentation difficult. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. Those maneuvers requiring repetition may still be taught during concentrated settings. The interim summary may be omitted after discussing the last learning outcome when it is more expedient for the instructor to present the first part of the conclusion. As mentioned in chapter 3, covering a subject in too much detail is as bad or worse than sketchy coverage. However, the instructor provides the answer to the rhetorical question. End users of the aircraft, such as the major airlines, can purchase the training materials with the aircraft in order to accomplish both initial and recurrent training of their personnel. The instructor can use questions to determine the experience and background of the students in order to tailor the lecture to their needs, and/or to add variety, stimulate interest, and check student understanding. In many cases, visual symbols and slogans can replace in-depth explanations. This method uses collaboration and can be modified for an interactive one-on-one learning situation such as an independent aviation instructor might encounter. Unless the students have some knowledge to exchange with each other, they cannot reach the desired learning outcomes by the discussion method. Major airlines have highlevel flight simulators that are so realistic that transitioning crews meet all qualifications in the flight simulator. In flight training, the instructor may allow the student to follow along on the controls during the demonstration of a maneuver. In this method, students observe the skill and then try to reproduce it. It is extremely expensive, and versions with a head-mounted display sometimes produce unfavorable side effects, For those engaged in aviation training, the challenge is staying abreast of technological changes that apply to training and adopting those that are the most useful and cost effective. For example, in developing a lesson on heading indicators, the instructor could begin with a discussion of the vacuumdriven heading indicator before proceeding to a description of the radio magnetic indicator (RMI), In some subjects, certain information or concepts are common to all who use the material. The training record can be reviewed and the students training status easily assessed in case the student transfers to another school or instructor, Another example of enhanced, instructor-oriented material for pilot training is a maneuvers guide or handbook which includes the PTS as an integral part of the description of maneuvers and procedures. For the flight instructor, this may entail overseeing the preflight procedures. For this instructor, effective management of the classroom promotes learning. The pure lecture format also inhibits student participation. Another use of computers would allow students to review procedures at their own pace while the instructor is involved in hands-on training with other students. Some of these include study guides, exercise books, course outlines, and syllabi. While the instructor should have the answer in mind before asking the question, the students need to think about the question before answering. In the conclusion the instructor should tie together the various points or topics discussed, and show the relationships between the facts brought forth and the practical application of these facts. Prior planning and rehearsal will help determine the important points and concepts that should be stressed, either during the presentation or as part of a summary. A model is even more effective if it works like the original, and if it can be taken apart and reassembled. a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability bywho killed dr john yelenic. The major advantage of CAL is that it is interactivethe computer responds in different ways, depending on student input. FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR KNOWLEDGE REQUIREMENTS Applicants for the Flight Instructor Rating shall demonstrate their knowledge by writing Transport Canada multiple choice examinations on the subjects contained in this guide. Lecturing is unquestionably the most economical of all teaching methods in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material, The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a new subject and for explaining the necessary background information. An increasingly popular form of teaching, the case study contains a story relative to the student that forces him or her to deal with situations encountered in real life, The instructor presents the case to the students who then analyze it, come to conclusions, and offer possible solutions. A simple process can be used to determine if and where instructional aids are necessary, Clearly establish the lesson objective. Every time practice occurs, learning continues. February 15, 2022 a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by. Just as a student can reread a section in a text, a student can review portions of a CAL program until it is understood. Any of these may be appropriate at one time or another. Thus, an instructor who introduces some form of active student participation in the middle of a lecture greatly increases student retention. The scale model represents an exact reproduction of the original, while simplified models do not represent reality in all details. Since aids are normally used in conjunction with a verbal presentation, words on the aid should be kept to a minimum. Research indicates that students completing cooperative learning group tasks tend to have higher test scores, higher self-esteem, improved social skills, and greater comprehension of the subjects they are studying. Sequencing also can be enhanced simply by using overlays on transparencies, stripping techniques on charts and chalk or marker boards, and by imaginative use of magnetic boards. As an example, a single CD or DVD may contain all pertinent aviation regulations, plus the complete AIM. Regardless of which is used, it should relate to the subject and establish a background for developing the learning outcomes. In other words, they must mean the same thing to any knowledgeable reader. A customer wants a tail strobe light installed on his Piper Cherokee 180. Audio or visual aids can be very useful in supporting a topic, and the combination of both audio and visual stimuli is particularly effective since the two most important senses are involved.Instructors should keep in mind that they are often salesmen of ideas, and many of the best sales techniques that attract the attention of potential clients are well worth considering. Unlike other forms of projected material, CDs and DVDs can also be played on a laptop computer, On the other hand, CDs and DVDs offer their own disadvantages. With this arrangement, each point leads logically to and serves as a reminder of the next. For an instructor who tends to ramble, notes are a must because they help keep the lecture on track. Well-designed programs allow students to feel as if they are in control of what they are learning and how fast they learn it. In this way, the students are encouraged to make contributions that supplement the lecture. However, use of standardized materials, including a syllabus, is recommended. The pilot told the controllers that he would attempt an instrument approach. For example, it is better to ask "Why does an aircraft normally require a longer takeoff run at Denver than at New Orleans?" In the previous example, the criteria may include that navigation from point A to point B be accomplished within 5 minutes of the preplanned flight time and that en route altitude be maintained within 200 feet. The instructor's role is to instill and eventually evaluate the comprehension and ability of the pilot in pursuit of a certification, rating, or license. To learn skills, students must practice. In the teaching lecture, the instructor must develop a keen perception for subtle responses from the classfacial expressions, manner of taking notes, and apparent interest or disinterest in the lesson. For example, in teaching aircraft maintenance, CAL programs produced by various aircraft manufacturers can be used to expose students to equipment not normally found at a maintenance school. An instructor should write performance-based objectives to fit the desired outcome of the lesson. Here, the instructor develops the subject matter in a manner that helps the students achieve the desired learning outcomes. This motivation should appeal to each student personally and engender a desire to learn the material, Every lesson introduction should contain an overview that tells the group what is to be covered during the period. The lecture method is adaptable to many different settings, including small or large groups. Immediately thereafter, the instructor should have the student attempt to perform the maneuver, coaching as necessary. In many cases, this type of supplemental training media may be reproduced in a format for projection on a screen or other clear surface, Charts, diagrams, and graphs include any printed material which gives information in tabular form. If, however, a response is desired from a specific individual, a direct question may be asked of that student. Instructional aids can help them do this. It is important that students be given an opportunity to perform the skill as soon as possible after a demonstration. This actually gives the instructor more time for one-on-one teaching. Students in these centers are often monitored by a teachers aide or other trained personnel who can provide guidance, answer questions, and act as a conduit to the instructor who is responsible for the training. Everyone has the opportunity to comment, listen, think, and participate. The examiner also is required to assign a practical project from each subject area. The mock-up may emphasize or highlight elements or components for learning and eliminate nonessential elements, Cut-aways, another type of model, are built in sections and can be taken apart to reveal the internal structure. The capability to stop, freeze, and replay information is helpful for both instructors and students. They also tend to watch movies or TV in a passive way without attempting to absorb what they are seeing and hearing. azure resource types list The group task may emphasize academic achievement, cognitive abilities, or physical skills, but the instructor must use clear and specific learning objectives to describe the knowledge and/or abilities the students are to acquire and then demonstrate on their own. Effective instructors also display enthusiasm for their subject matter and express themselves clearly. Instructional aids should also be reviewed to determine whether their use is feasible in the training environment and whether they are appropriate for the students. Manage and monitor all flight systems and electrical in-flight . To encourage enthusiasm and stimulate discussion, the instructor should create a relaxed, informal atmosphere. After the discussion develops, the instructor may ask a follow-up question to guide the discussion.